The First Samurai

Japan in the 10th century was experiencing change and disorder as its relatively new central government sought techniques for a strong and enduring legacy. In this period lived a man named Taira no Masakado. In events which are swirled with mystery and legend, Masakado found himself in direct opposition with the government, even proclaiming the title of the â€Å"New Emperor†. His legacy endures to this day and is a fundamental component in contemporary Japanese folklore.Was Masakado a product of his environment or a self-motivated rebel, examining this question is important in the discussions of the motivations behind his actions. Whether he should be viewed as a villain or a hero is to be considered by the reader. Taira no Masakado is both revered as a hero and accused of being a trader. When considering the beginning of Masakado’s conquests it is important to note that not much is known of the exact motives of his first altercation with Minamoto Tasuku.All that is cl ear is that Minamoto sprang a surprise attack on Masakado as he neared the Hitachi region. Why was Masakado riding towards Hitachi with a group of armed men? Why did Minamoto attack Masakado? Both of these questions are vital in determining the real nature of Masakado and would link to the motives of his actions from this battle to his demise. The lack of answers to these questions seriously hinders one’s attempt at revealing Taira Masakado as a villain or hero. The events of Masakado’s insurrection seem to suggest that his actions were not justified and that he knew this.After being attacked by Minamoto, Masakado went on a rampage attacking many villages in southern Hitachi. Regardless of the dispute between the two, it is improbable that all of the victims of his attack were directly involved or deserving of murder. Preceding these events, Masakado is summoned to Kyoto to argue his case against allegations brought by the Minamoto family. Masakado is quick to travel t o Kyoto to explain himself, then, when he arrives back in Shimosa he is attacked by Yokishane.Looking for payback from the attacks in Hitachi, Yokishane aggressively seeks Masakado, even abducting his wife in the process. Having just been found innocent in Kyoto for his attacks in Hitachi, would it not make sense for Masakado to bring accusations against Yokishane? Masakado does not seek government help in deterring Yokishane, this suggests that he knew he was in the wrong and was hesitant to return to Kyoto, mainly because he felt as if he got lucky at his previous hearing.Skipping to Masakado’s confrontation with Sadamori in Hitachi, as Masakado wins the battle, storming the provincial capital grounds in the process, one gets a sense of the sudden panic defining his proceeding actions. Masakado immediately flees home to Shimosa. Once home, in an utterly confusing turn of events, Masakado heads out again, this time to conquer a handful of other eastern provinces. Instead of formerly addressing the rulers in Kyoto as the â€Å"new emperor† of the east or even as an adversary, Masakado writes a letter in an attempt to explain his actions and how they are justified.Using his imperial family ties, he tries to undermine the stories of his actions as propaganda from his opposers and claim that he remains loyal to the government. This is the act of a desperate man; a man who, maybe, has realized that he has made a grave mistake. Masakado wanted to believe that his conquests were justified, yet based on his actions it is apparent that he was not and knew it. Not having a strong cause and knowing he made a mistake defines Masakado as a villain, not a hero.It is likely that Masakado’s position in society and experiences deluded him and was a contributing factor to his demise. In this time period of Japan, in an attempt to preserve the integrity of the imperial family, fourth generation members of the imperial family were removed from the bloodline by way of changing their family name. Taira was used in the renaming and is the surname of Masakado. This link to the imperial family would have affected Masakado’s view of himself in society. Being a known descendent, he would have felt a sense of entitlement that could create an egotistical mindset.The feeling of superiority would have amplified when his father used his influence to secure an internship in Kyoto with the government for his son. Expecting to obtain a full-time position in Kyoto, it would have been very disappointing to return home with no long term position or title. This event probably added to the aggressive nature of Masakado as an adult. Having been denied a chance to participate in the government, as he felt entitled to, Masakado from then on decides to take matters into his own hands working as if he holds the title which he never received.The sense of entitlement and his failure to succeed in Kyoto helped to define the character traits that motivate M asakado for the rest of his life. Taira no Masakado remains an important component of contemporary Japanese folklore. Natural disasters, economic downturns, and other misfortunes are often attributed to times when the shrine to Masakado is neglected. The fascination with this legend plays a taboo role in Japanese culture. The story reveals a man who is individualistic and bold in his opposition to authority.For a society which is group oriented and generally suppressed for most of its history, Masakado's legacy is intriguing and mysterious. Although interpretation of Masakado differs, his lack of a consistent cause and his hesitation suggests the actions of a villain. Feeling a sense of entitlement from his imperial ties and not being accepted into Kyoto’s bureaucracy were critical in his motivations. Leading the first recorded rebellion since the establishment of a unified government in Japan, Taira no Masakado has solidified himself into Japanese culture today.

Egyptian Sculpture Analysis

His Wife, Infer-shames The Statue Group of En-shaft-aka and His Wife, Infer-shames was found in a rock- cut tomb at Dashes and sculpted by an unknown Egyptian artist in 2350 BC. The artist uses all aspects of composition to convey Egyptian dominance. Using a Standard Egyptian Scale, the figures were carved in proportions seen to be ideal by the Egyptians. The sculpture was carved out of limestone. It was richly painted with brightly colored paint. Now, only traces of the paint are visible.This piece is currently n view at The Walter's Art Museum. En-shaft-aka is depicted is his most idealized form?muscular, athletic, youthful, and large in size, all of which evoke a sense of male dominance. His left leg advances forward as he rests his weight on his right leg. This pose creates a sense of depth and movement within the form, however in order to maintain durability, his legs are still fully connected to each other and to their base. The combination of his reddish skin tone, black paint ed eyes, and tightly curled, detailed wig is very typical of Egyptian Art in the Old Kingdom.The close attention to detail indicates how important the figure was and illustrates the skill of the artist. Infer-shames accompanies En-shaft-aka as his wife and inferior. She is not carved with the same attention to detail as her husband was perhaps because she was of less importance. Unlike the wig of her husband, the strands of her hair are not defined. Instead, her hair is merely a block of limestone. Infer-shames proportions are very naturalistic and they reveal the Egyptians ideal proportion of human features. Her waist is very slender while her hands and feet are too large compared o the rest of her body.En-shaft-aka and wife's faces are very similar to each other as well as to other portraits of their time, which confirms they were based off standard Egyptian ideals and were not veracious portraits. The over idealized forms lack character and individuality, thus ridding the piece o f emotion. The figures' rigid poses and lack of physical connection between each other thereby heightens this notion. With legs facing straight ahead, En-shaft-aka and his wife do not touch as they impassively and confidently gaze into the future, evoking a sense of permanence.

Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Human Rights - Essay Example oper education to empower young males in various social aspects of life, and marginalization of the young population in decision making process in the society. There are various key concepts and theories that form the foundation of human rights, which are all implicated in this issue. This includes theories of human rights based on dignity, wellbeing, or development. They are motivated by the desire to protect and cultivate some quality in life that is filled with dignity, wellbeing, or continuing development. The theory of subsistence is motivated by the desire to preserve life itself (Heard, 1997) There are a high number of young males ending up in prisons out of convictions of violence related cases. Consequently, this translates to a high number of those coming out of the prison systems after serving their jail terms. The concept of human dignity in human rights as suggested by Heard (1997) is paramount. One of the aspects of inherent human dignity is that all human being are equal. However, this is a challenge for the high number of those returning to the society having served part or even most of their lifetime in prison. This is because most of them find themselves alienated and shunned by the rest of the society and find it hard to be integrated back in the society. The fact that most inmates find themselves spending most of their time in the jail also means that they may not have the necessary skills to cater for their well-being because when they come back into the society, they face a great challenge to have normal life. This contrasts the concept of the need for subsistence that bases human rights on the need for existence. The way forward to solving this problem is by creating programs that empower inmates for the life after serving their terms behind bars. Mentorship is also vital to ensure the smooth transition between the two stages and to integrate them to normal life with their families and the society. The high number of drug and substance

Ariel Sharon- Crimes against Humanity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ariel Sharon- Crimes against Humanity - Essay Example The peacemaker image of Ariel Sharon is just one side of the story. Actually speaking, there is much about Ariel Sharon that makes him a controversial figure. Most of the world does know only the good things about Ariel Sharon. Yet, it is a fact that Ariel Sharon was involved in multiple crimes against humanity. Ariel Sharon was involved in many acts of gross human rights violations which lead to the killing of a number of innocent Palestinian civilians. Hence, it is a historical fact that Ariel Sharon happened to be an Israeli leader that committed multiple crimes against humanity and was directly responsible for the death of a number of Palestinian civilians. Everybody knows that in the 1948 war, Israel won almost seventy-eight percent of the territory that happened to be the home to thousands of Palestinians. Even after conquering these large tracts of the Palestinian territory, there was a section of the Israeli army that was not satisfied with this victory. There were many officers in the army of the newly found state of Israel who believed that Palestinians needed to be repressed and scared with the use of force. The purpose was to keep the Palestinians so scared that they do not dare to raise a voice against the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. The other objective of the Israeli army was to take over such Palestinian territories that were yet not under their control, like Gaza, and the West Bank. Thereby the army of Israel planned an aggressive military strategy against the Palestinians that involved large-scale attacks and massacre of the innocent Palestinians.  

SUPPLY AND DEMAND Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUPPLY AND DEMAND - Essay Example after awhile, as the market continues to flood with milk suppliers seeking to take chance of the soaring demand, competition among the suppliers will result in customer retention strategies such as lowered prices and better quality product. The overall supply and demand, however, will remain stable in line with this medical research finding. This is assuming that another cheaper alternative to milk, that is equally beneficial to the health of bones, is not touted by such scientific studies. Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a transmissible, generative, deadly and slowly progressive disease of cows which is caused by a prion that can also cause brain and CNS diseases in humans who consume products and milk from these unhealthy cows. The causative agent is not removable by heating or thorough cooking and therefore in case of an outbreak of the mad cow disease, the demand and sales of local milk will take a considerable tumble (with the demand curve shifting to the left). The weak and meager supplies come from the fact of reduced productivity of sick cows and health inspection regulations. The weak demand will result in very low prices of the commodity. This is because the disease is known to progress slowly and therefore in an outbreak situation the consumer will treat with great skepticism even those who claim their cows are healthy. Assuming a trusted and health approved foreign supplier comes in with their milk; such milk will be sold at very high prices (because of scarcity of the product and other costs such as transport) (Sloman & Sutcliffe, 2003). Their product will be on high demand thus raising the need for higher supplies of the foreign brand. There will equally be increased demand and supply for milk substitutes such as almond milk which will also portend higher prices for the substitute commodities. Almond milk is a common cow (dairy) milk substitute obtained from almond. If the price of almond decreases, the consumers will go for

Le corbusier Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Le corbusier - Research Paper Example During his life, he received two prestigious awards for his immense development of human life housing standards (Gans 12). He greatly, influenced urbanization in France through his designs that were used to house important departments for the French government. Moreover, he helped curb the increase of slum dwellings through the designing of ultra modern houses of improved standards (Corbusier 9). He died in August 27, 1965 at the age of seventy-seven after taking a swim at the Mediterranean Sea due to a presumed heart attack. This paper will take a broad look into Le Corbusier history, his remarkable work, and his unique architectural style. It will, also cite his most important architectural works that are used as points of reference in today’s house designing field. Le Corbusier initial publications were in French leading to the publication of the first English translation in 1927 by British author Fredrick Etchells. According to, Etchells mass and volume were relatively the same, which was not the case in the original French version of the book. His linguistic style was also desirable, as his choice of words to describe his designs was difficult to paraphrase even to well educate scholars (Wogenscky 54). Arguably, his designs drew inspiration from nature and the environment at large to bring out its unique characteristics. They involved the use of indefinite shapes and sizes to strike an amazing balance of design. His journals were instrumental in the facilitation of acknowledgement of integral architectural reforms. Initially, he kept his work to himself but after gaining exposure through mingling with other established artists, he saw the need to venture into it commercially. In the end, his expansion took a slow turn due to the hefty financial burden imposed on him. His book collection was on drawings and journals that he had done through his traversing of Europe. Subsequently, he was a prophet in the architectural world as his designs are visible in today’s structures. In other words, he foretold the building of the more than one storey building. In addition, this great architect took notice in the work of engineers who built bridges that connected one area to another. In relation to his designs, the people of the lower class would have a better quality of life through living in better-built homes. Controversially, he disregarded The Gare d’Orsay and the Grand Palais buildings on grounds of them not being recognizable architecture (Corbusier 13). In his words, Paris was becoming wasteland architecture wise. Comparisons what he used to describe his pieces as at some point he compared houses to ocean liners as the only difference between the two would be that one is mobile while the other is not. This led to the invention a staircase design borrowed from the ocean liners concept of access. In many of his journals, he exhibited his keen eye in visualizing houses to other objects for example airplanes. He cited the airplanes ability to stay in the air and its mobility at the same time. This is where he decided to use the concept of suspension from the ground for his designs. In that, possibilities were right before people’s eyes but it was hard for them to read the lines. Over the years, his work was the backbone in the building of many town structures. Essentially, the establishment of various cultural heritage sites in his honor was inevitable due to his contribution to modernization. To date, there are

The hunger game (movie) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The hunger game (movie) - Essay Example Here are some of the vivid concepts integrated into the movie film. The first includes social acceptance of engaging youth and minors into actual life battles that at some point may also cause their lives. However, this portrayal is not limited to what is happening in the imaginary society of Panem. In the actual world, life’s battle may not be a form of entertainment, but it is a reality for some people, most particularly to the victims and culprits of some relevant crimes. Consider for instance the contemporary war against child prostitution or human trafficking across the world. This is a reality that is placing the future of some minors in jeopardy. It may even distort their normal view of life in a not so distant future. This point may show that the actual child prostitution may not physically kill minors or children at certain level, but the actual idea involved in it is that it includes killing some important aspects in their individual lives. Trading children for sex i s simply considered illegal in contemporary time because of the associated international law that would stand against it to cut its detrimental perpetuation. The unethical implications associated with it is therefore remarkable because of the moral standard set by the government to be integrated in the actual law for ensuring the safety and protection of minors or children. However, despite this government control to protect the welfare of the child as citizen, the ongoing crimes associated with sexual exploitation including minors as primary subjects persist, and even the relevant number of incidence is moving to an upward spiral. Latest statistics reveals more minors are currently involved in sex trade and pornographic activities based on increase hotline calls of victims (National Human Trafficking Resource Center 5). The existence of media and internet increases or motivates the speed of online pornography involving minors. Thus, the televised fight-to-the-death featured in â₠¬Å"The Hunger Games† for instance is a relevant depiction of the actual struggles of some minors particularly those who might have active involvement in online pornography or other related illegal activities. Just as the subjects of televised fight-to-the-death in Panem may have lost their freedom to take hold of preserving their lives, these minors involved in some online or media-related crimes are actually experiencing the same level of struggle to fight for their right to live with a high quality of life founded by safety and protection against exploitations as promised by the government for its people, including the young citizens. Here is another point. The movie may also showcase a hidden message concerning the level of vulnerability of the adult population to provide weak direction for the welfare of the young people while exposing them to the peril of violence that we normally found reported with utmost controversy on the media. Like the nation of Panem that vividly s ees the actual violence through a televised-fight-to-the-death Hunger Games, the world today has never been so blind seeing and hearing the actual crimes committed by minors and young people alike through controversial news coverage in the media. Just let us take for instance the latest case we heard from the media concerning minors molesting another minor (The New York Times). The media informed us of the actual violen

The Odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Odyssey - Essay Example The second stage is "a road of trials". For Odyssey, his journey consists of: love of Calypso and building of a ship to escape; trials with the Cyclops and the Phaeacian princess, love with Circe and journey into Hades, and battle with Scylla. The third stage is "achieving the goal or "boon". It means new world perception and views created during the journey. Odyssey understands that faith is the foundation of morality which cannot be removed by new impressions and temptation. He feels that, as morality is created by God, those who reject faith are in turn rejecting individualistic way of life. The forth stage is "a return to the ordinary world". From the very beginning Odyssey fails this trial, because nobody recognized him but his old nurse, Eurycleia. Penelope suspects that it could be her husband and organized a competition won by Odyssey. She promises to marry a winner, when Odyssey won this contest they reunite. The fifth stage includes "application of the boon". At the end, Od yssey visits his father and stops vendetta. His father kills Antinous's father and peace is maintained. In sum, The Odyssey displays the many qualities that archetypal heroes had in common.

A Mythical Roadmap of the Movie Cars Essay Example for Free

A Mythical Roadmap of the Movie Cars Essay The first stage of separation is the call to adventure. Followed by the refusal of the call and the crossing of a threshold. Call to Adventure: In most situations, this call becomes the subject of the story or the plot of the movie. For Lightning, he thinks his call to adventure comes over the Public Announcement System when the tie-breaking race in California is announced. While this may be the obvious choice, but I don’t think that it is. We need to look at Lightning as the potential hero and observes how he grows over the course of the journey. He doesn’t grow in skill as a driver. He ran his first race at the beginning of the movie a lot better than the race at the end. The call to adventure is not always the destination, but the road leading to the destination. The adventure is in the hero’s growth. The growth that Lightning experiences is in his ability to have and appreciate friends. As cheesy as it sounds, the call to adventure for this movie is the call to find friendship. Refusal of the Call: The refusal of the call happened during the first race when Lightning refused the help and friendship around him. Let’s admit it, Lightning was a jerk. He alienated the people who tried to help him. Three different crew chiefs quit on him during the one season he’s been racing. His arrogance at the end of the first race was so bad his entire crew quit on him. Another example of Lightnings Refusal was his initial refusal to pave the road he destroyed in Radiator Springs. It was through his paving the road that he learned the lessons of the journey. Crossing the Threshold: The symbolism of the thresholds in the movie are found in the highways that Mack and Lightning re traveling. The â€Å"Mother Road† on Route 66 is significantly more important as it is on the Mother Road that we meet the Threshold Guardian, embodied by the Sheriff. As Lightning is frantically trying to find the interstate and Mack, he speeds pas a sleepy Sheriff’s speed trap. The local sheriff begins to follow him with sirens going. Instead of stopping, Lightening goes through a chain of events throug h the forgotten town of Radiator Spring destroying the main road and other property and landing himself in jail, or the impound. This leads to the initiation phase, which can be summarized by the road of trials, the meeting with the goddess, and apotheosis. Road of Trials: The neat part of the Road of Trials step in Cars is that they are somewhat associated with an actual road, in this case, Route 66 or the Mother Road. As Lightning began to face his trails during the movie, he began by failing them. Lighting’s failure in his encounter with the threshold guardian, the Sheriff, resulted in the destruction of the road. When Doc challenged Lightning to a race, Lightning again failed due to his arrogance and lack of experience racing on dirt. The turning point on his road of trials came in the pasture where he and Mater, the local tow truck, were tipping tractors. Lightning successfully tipped all of the tractors by revving his engine. He was also successful in escaping from Frank the Combine. There, Lightning’s luck changed and he was able to fix the road, learn to race on dirt and redeem himself from his earlier failures. The Meeting with the Goddess: I had a couple of options in picking the goddess who Lightning would meet. Since Lightning is a male, I began looking at the female characters. Had the hero been a woman, I would have included the male characters in my search. One important part of identifying the Gods and Goddesses is to not get hung up on their gender but on how the character fills the role. I first went to Sally Carrera, a 2002 Porsche Carrera, as a possibility for the goddess, but I needed to remember not to confuse the romantic interest with the goddess. The goddess that Lightning has to meet needs to be associated with a trial or test that he had to pass in order to continue on his journey. The character that I identified as the goddess, was not a main character, she didn’t even have any speaking lines. The goddess was Bessie. Bessie is the name given to the road paving machine that Lightning had to drag at a snails pace to fix the road. I chose Bessie because she was the symbolic and literal obstacle that was keeping Lightning in town. To leave town, Bessie would have to be on the other end of the road with smooth pavement behind her. Lightning challenged Bessie’s role as his captor when he tried to speed up the process of fixing the road by quickly laying down the asphalt that he later had to scrape up. When Lightning was put in his place, humbled, and respectful of Bessie’s role as the goddess, he could begin to accomplish the task before him. Apotheosis: The step of apotheosis or becoming the father or god began when Lightning discovered that Doc was a retired race car. Discovering Doc’s Piston Cups and watching Doc race helped Lightning to realize that he could learn something from Doc and he quickly regretted not listening to the advice Doc previously offered. The true point of apotheosis comes during the final race when Lighting takes things learned from his time in Radiator Springs and used it to position himself for the win. This includes driving backwards using rear view mirrors and driving on the dirt infield during a spin-out that helped him take the lead. Even though he did not win the race, or the cup, as Doc had, it was Lightning’s to give up. He became the race car that Doc would be proud to know. The third and final stage of Lightning’s journey is the return, characterized by a refusal to return, the crossing of another threshold, the mastery of two worlds, and the freedom to live. The next three step follow each other in very rapid succession. The refusal came when Mack and the rest of the media came to bring Lightning back to the â€Å"real† world. Lightning didn’t want to go. He had fallen for the temptress, Sally, and was ready to abandon his journey. Luckily for him, Sally told him it was okay to go and he left, returning to the world he left behind. The magic flight out of the fantastical world in this story had been combined with the crossing of the return threshold. Mack the truck carries Lightning out of Radiator Springs and onto California. The events surrounding this is discussed a little more when we talk about crossing the return threshold. During Lightning’s stay in Radiator Springs, he became more attached to the people there. It is easy to imagine that he would give up the California race if that meant he could stay with Sally and the residents of the town. The sweet ambrosia of friendship he tasted there was more powerful that the desire to have the Piston Cup. As demonstrated in the movie, there were three aspects to this rescue from without. First is how the media was notified by Doc of Lightning’s location. Second, is Mack with the media entourage barreling into town to take Lightning away. And third, Harv the agent reminds Lighting about the Race, Dinoco, and his rival Chick Hicks. Doc, Mack, Harv, and the media each helped to rescue Lightning. Reluctantly, he allows himself to be rescued and backs into Mack’s trailer for the magic flight to California. The Crossing of the Return Threshold: In the step of crossing the return threshold, we see the return of the Sheriff in his role as the threshold guardian. He and Sally stopped Lightning from leaving by siphoning his gas tank on his first night in the impound. Later, the Sheriff almost had to go after him before Sally and Lightning went on their ride to the Wheel Well. After Lightning finishes paving the road, and thus completing his road of trials, the Sheriff changes his demeanor and is ready to give Lightning a police escort to help Lightning get to the race on time. In the Sheriff’s role as the threshold guardian, he has released Lightning from â€Å"captivity† and it is now Lightning’s â€Å"refusal to return† that is keeping him there. Lightning crosses the return threshold as he takes his magical flight in Mack’s trailer. One part of crossing the return threshold is that the fantastical world, or the world forgotten, becomes forgotten again. Lightning had become a catalyst of life and energy culminating with everyone in Radiator Springs cruising under the neon lights. When Lightning had left town, Doc finally got what he originally wanted. After a tongue lashing from Sally, Doc quietly sat there as everyone left him alone. He sat there thinking about what he had done as the neon lights turned off, one by one. The world forgotten returned to its anonymity as Doc sat on the darkened road, under the traffic light’s flashing yellow signal. Perhaps the saddest moment in the movie. Master of the Two Worlds: The second to last step in the journey is when the hero becomes the master of the two worlds. This is done by finding the ultimate boon and sharing it with those around him. Since the Ultimate boon in the gift of friendship, it is shared in two situations. First, Lightning shares his friendship to the residents of Radiator Springs when he becomes the customer of all of their stores. They share their friendship back when they show up to be his pit crew. Most notably is Doc acting as the crew chief. Lightning did not show his friendship to Doc in the same manner as he did to the others until he helped King across the finish line. Another large sharing of friendship is where he arranges for Mater to take a helicopter ride over Radiator Springs. Freedom to Live: The Freedom to live is shown primarily in the epilogue after the race. Lightning has merged his two worlds together and can now freely live in the racing world but still be with his friends, especially Sally. Lightning literally puts Radiator Springs back on the map when he moves his racing headquarters to the small town. Also, Lightning becomes a new man, or car, as shown by his new paint job, inspired by the classic 1957 Chevy. In many ways, I have found this journey to be similar to that of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh begins his journey at home as the restless king. He soon meets his helper Enkidu and the two of them go off on their adventure to the forest to defeat Humbaba. Enkidu dies. This prompts the grief stricken Gilgamesh to cross the Threshold of Adventure to seek the answer to immortality. While in the underworld/other world Gilgamesh passes many tests before he meets Utnapishtim and his wife who help him find the magical flower of everlasting life. But Gilgamesh loses the magic plant in his Peak Experience to the trickster snake who steals immortality for itself. So Gilgamesh returns home with the boon, the understanding that immortality is reserved for the gods and that he is human. He will experience death and he realizes that he must live his life and enjoy it. So he writes down his tale to spread the word to his people. As a result, Gilgamesh’s journey comes full circle just as Lightning McQueen’s had in the movie. For this reason, I have concluded that all heroes must use the phases of the journey mentioned in this paper. Though the sequence of the steps may change, they are almost always taken.

Internet and Books Essay Example for Free

Internet and Books Essay In today’s modern world, technology has a great influence on our life and time. Back in the early 19th century, when electronic devices had not been invented, the population could only use printed word such as books, posters, newspapers or magazines, to gather information. Later, in the mid 20th century, the use of computers, televisions and radios helped people to know about the incidents happening all around the world, more easily. Now, in the 21st century, the creation of internet and other devices to access it has helped us to attain gigabytes of information, just with the click of our mouse. The internet has made it possible for us to acquire answers for almost all of the questions that we ask, and has alleviated the access to information to almost every topic imaginable. Firstly, internet helps to save time and effort. All you need to do is type in your question and click SEARCH. It can give an answer to almost every question type in, and it is usually very quick, speedy and fast. On the other hand, using books or other printed texts can waste time, as you need to find the appropriate book and then search for the information you need from it. For example, while searching for a book in the library, you waste time trying to reach there, and even more time trying to find the book you need. Despite this, time is also lost when you try to find the information that is useful to you from the book. Whereas the internet acts as a filter that sieves out all the data you need, in a span of seconds. However it can be argued that using electronic devices can cause distractions and disturbances. Using the internet can divert your attention to some other unrelated site and will cause you to waste time. For instance, you may login to facebook or twitter, or check your mail instead of researching and using the time well. On the contrary, you cannot be easily distracted in a library where silence is preferred, and is filled with people who want to work. But if the internet is used properly, and if the person has a self control over himself the internet has more advantages comparing to printed texts. So in short internet can be a time-saver only if used wisely. Alternatively, the internet can sometimes provide us with unreliable information. It is like a blank page in which people are allowed to post whatever they want, and sometimes even the wrong information. As exemplified by blogs, in which anyone can post their opinions and views on a topic, the internet can be a source of unreliable and inaccurate information as it contains the judgement of different individuals and not the actual facts. On the contrary, printed texts can be a great source of reliable information. Books are written by experienced authors who have researched well about the topic themselves before publishing it. A library can assure you that the book in your hand is dependable and trustworthy. In spite of being unreliable, internet can provide us with up-to-date data. It offers information on the most recent discoveries and inventions, the latest cars or other products and about the contemporary incidents and happenings all around the world. However once a book is published, any recent findings cannot be added to it. There are always new developments in the field of health, science, technology and politics that the library simply cannot keep up with. Therefore, the internet can provide us with the latest news about our modern day developments and can be dependable only if used properly by checking the sources of a particular website. Thirdly, glaring at a screen for a long period of time can cause various eye and back problems. Computer vision syndromes like eye strain and cataracts are caused by glaring at the computer screen for prolonged periods. Millions develop a condition called ‘dry eye’, resulting in gritty, itchy, inflamed eyes, due to staring at the screen for hours. The light from computer screens can cause drastic problems to your eyes, and sometimes even partial blindness. Unlike computer screens, books can be very easy to read as they are just words printed on paper. However there are many solutions to prevent the damage caused to eyes by computer screens. Screen filters can be bought to reduce the amount of light radiation hitting our eyes. There are also many softwares that can transfer the information audibly or with the help of videos, and do not require data to be read. Regular breaks, and turning away from the screen constantly can also help in avoiding eye and back problems. Usually, there is an option to zoom in, which enables people to read easily. Unlike computers, books cannot be zoomed in, when the letters are too small to be visible, causing eye problems as well. So the problems caused by glaring at computer screens or reading the small printed texts in books, can be reduced by taking regular breaks and exercises, as anything in excess is not good for our health. Moreover, a lot of paper is wasted in the creation of books and magazines. Deforestation, being one of the greatest threats that humans are facing today, is increased by the production of paper in books. A few sheets of paper could be worth one tree. Hence the number of trees is reducing day by day. Obviously, trees are vital for our living as they are the natural producers of food. Deforestation not only causes scarcity of food and other resources, but also results in the rise of the earth’s temperature, causing global warming. In contrast to books, modern technology like mobile phones, computers or tablets does not harm the environment to a very great extent. In the case of computers the energy used is electricity, which is renewable and can be created again and again. The internet is a huge database, and more information can be adjoined into it, very easily. However books are created from sheets of paper, and if the number of books increase, then the level of deforestation can increase correspondingly. To reduce the destruction of the earth’s forests by deforestation, paper should be recycled and not wasted. Instead it is much easier to use the help of modern technology that functions with the help of renewable energy, which does not have a great impact on nature. Therefore modern electronics has made it possible to overcome a huge problem to the environment. In conclusion, modern technology has many positive uses; it has made the world a smaller place by allowing us to contact individuals all around the world, many electronic devices are very cheap making it affordable to all and has also allowed people to find out about the news and incidents happening all around the world. But every good has some bad, and the extensive use of technology can be harmful to our health. I strongly believe that modern technology has been very helpful and useful to the human population. It has eased our access to information in very sustainable manner, and has connected the world together.

The history and effects of child sexual abuse

The history and effects of child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse is definitely not a new or modern phenomenon and even though it was not necessarily acknowledged before the 1800s, it does not mean that it did not exist. Throughout history, documentation about child sexual abuse has existed, with references especially to Greek and Roman civilisations, as well as in colonial America and Europe (Bolen, 2002). Jean-Claude Chenais (1981), in a study using multiple data sources has been pivotal in the attitude changes in Western societies over the issue of child sexual abuse over the last hundred years. His studies have shown that due to a number of different contributing factors, in some European countries like Germany and France, child sexual abuse was so frequent as to be considered normal (Bagley King, 2004). As cited in Bolen (2002), in his research on classical childhood analysis of different historical eras, DeMause (1988), states that: The history of childhood is a nightmare from which we have only begun to awaken. The further back in history one goes, the lower the level of child care, and the more likely children are to be killed, abandoned, beaten, terrorised and sexually abused. In her research of historical child sexual abuse, Florence Rush has found that it is predominantly a phenomenon of the patriarchal systems in history, where children were considered as property of the father. In Talmudic law it is the tradition that a female daughter can be betrothed by her father by means of sexual intercourse after the age of three. Even though not encouraged, sexual acts including intercourse with a child younger than three years is not a crime. Such sexual activity with young girls was not discouraged by the Catholic Church either in history, as in a Papal decree of the sixth century stated that for a marriage to be valid it was copulating that was the overriding factor and consent only desirable. The age of the girl was taken into consideration for the purpose of betrothal where if the girl was not at least seven years old than this was considered invalid. Also, through history we find however that sexual abuse was not limited only to girls. Especially in Greece , it was popular to use boys for sex. It was also common to castrate young boys and buy or sell them as sex slaves (Bagley King, 2004). In its broad sense, child sexual abuse is when an older person forcibly engages in sexual activity with a child. The definition of the terms sexual assault on children or child molestation is different in different legal jurisdictions (Rowan, 2006). As cited in Kinnear (2007), child sexual abuse is defined by Fraser (1981) as being the exploitation of a child for the sexual gratification of an adult, whilst Baker and Duncan (1985) claim that [a] child (anyone under 16 years) is sexually abused when another person, who is sexually mature, involves the child in any activity which the other person expects to lead to their sexual arousal. In their 2003 report on the maltreatment of children, the Childrens Bureau of the US Department of Health and Human Services defines it as the involvement of the child in sexual activity to provide sexual gratification or financial benefit to the perpetrator, including contacts for sexual purpose, molestation, statutory rape, prostitution, pornography, exposure, incest, or other sexually exploitation activities (U.S. Department for Health and Human Services, Administration for Children, Youth and Families, 2005). The age of consent is also different from one country to another. However, it is commonly understood, that a child is not able to understand or willingly consent to sexual experiences with an older person. It is also acknowledged that there exists sexual experimentation between young people and therefore molestation charges are only enforced when the older person is sixteen or eighteen and that child is three or five years younger (Rowan, 2006). There are certain factors which categorise sexual encounters as abuse according to the World Health Organisation. As well as the age difference it also includes in the definition the misuse of a position of authority by the adult which then leads to sexual acts. The child must also be unwilling to participate in such acts even if he or she did not offer resistance. It also requires the attempt to touch the genitals or breasts of a child or make the child touch the ones of the adult. If the adult attempts to touch the child by exposing himself or if the child is undressed, made to, as well as the attempt to seduce or tempt to take to another place whilst psychology threatening the child (Fegert, 2003). Sociological definitions of child sexual abuse differ from the clinical or legal ones and whilst some are universally acknowledged some are less so even though equally important and influential (Lawrence, 2004). One of the definitions widely accepted by child protection services is that of Schechter and Roberge and it states that Sexual abuse is defined as the involvement of dependent, developmentally immature children and adolescents in sexual activities they do not truly comprehend, to which they are unable to give informed consent (Schechter Roberge, 1976). When researching child sexual abuse, it is common to associate this with the phenomology of pedophilia. When assessing and treating sex offenders however, professionals know that it is important to explore different variables that have an important role in such deviant sexual behaviour. The sexual preference and history, including any of crime or violence, are taken into consideration. Any other disorders such as endocrine or neuropsychological ones as well as any other biological factors are to be explored (Langevin, 2003). By definition, a pedophile is generally an individual who for no less than a period of six months fantasises about having sexual encounters with young children or is sexually aroused by the thoughts of such fantasies. Usually the sexual urges of such individuals are focused on children younger than thirteen years of age. Pedophiles can be frustrated from these urges and often suffer from interpersonal difficulties because of these sexual impulses. However, even i f not necessarily always the case, some pedophiles will act upon such fantasies and are usually only apprehended or brought to attention because of this. Most pedophiles are usually not necessarily disturbed enough about such fantasies about children and as a consequence do not seek voluntary medical help (Hall Hall, 2007). The key factor in the assessment of pedophilia is the age of the children for whom interest is shown. In its most strong forms, exclusivity is shown towards prepubescent children with no sexual urges or interest in other adults. Not all pedophiles however commit sexual offences with child victims and not all sex offenders with children are pedophiles (Seto, 2004). Dr Langevin (2003) noted however, that even though there seem to be a number of factors that are common between pedophile priests and other pedophiles in terms of sexual preferences, pedophile priests generally have less antisocial behaviour characteristics. In light of the huge amount of media coverage of the clergy abuse crisis in the last few years, it seems that even though much interest by the community has been sparked on the topic, little research has been carried out by psychological and clinical bodies. This may be due to a long existing mutual indifference between the Church and the mental health field. Only a few studies have actually addressed the issue of the pedophile priest or the priest who sexually abuses children. Despite the surmounting media coverage and attention of the issue providing an alarming public assumption that most priests are pedophiles, an American study estimated however that only 2% of priests are pedophiles whilst another 4% being ephebophiles. However, it is also taken into account that a probably large number of sexual abuse cases by the clergy are not reported (Plante, 1999). Michael Rezendes (2002), part of the Boston Globes Spotlight Team was one of the first journalists who brought attention to t he issue of child sexual abuse allegations against the American clergy. A year of investigations carried out by this team resulted in the resignation of Cardinal Bernard Law on the 13th December, 2002. This was mainly due to the exposure of a series of shortcomings and mistakes, in his handling of a well known pedophoile in Boston; Rev John J. Geoghan, where after being reported of sexual misconduct with children, he was reassigned. However, it was clear that Geoghn was only a sign of a more serious problem. The Spotlight Team investigated further into the Archdiocese of Boston and by the time of Laws resignation, had published over 800 stories. An earlier singular case which also received worldwide publicity however dates back to 1984, where Fr Gilbert Gauthe of Lafayette, Louisiana was charged on multiple counts of child sexual abuse. This was the first criminal case of its kind to receive such level of media attention and publicity and also was the first time that a civil suit was initiated against a diocese on the grounds of failure to protect children from a known abuser in its clergy (Murphy, Buckley Joyce, 2005). Dr Richard Sipe, a psychotherapist and psychiatrist as well as a former Roman Catholic Priest, wrote extensively on the subject of child sexual abuse and reports that even as early as 1976, before the big scandals broke out on the media, there opened a programme, the first, perhaps, in the world dedicated to the treatment of psychosexual disorders for clergy. This included the treatment of disorders which involved the sexual abuse of children. The need for such a programme and its preparation, years before i ts opening, shows that knowledge of Catholic Clergy who had problems of sexual misconduct was already widespread in the 1960s and 70s (Sipe, 1995). With such an increasing interest in the phenomenon of priests as sexual abusers of children, the Catholic Church seemed to be spiralling into a crisis as portrayed so by the media, with an increasing number of people coming forward with new allegations all over the world. Philip Jenkins (2001), as cited in Dokecki (2004) explores the terms of moral crisis as opposed to moral panic. In order to fully understand weather the Catholic Church was being victimised by a new panic born out of media frenzy or if the panic was due to a moral crisis deeply rooted in actual facts and reality of the problem, one must also explore the issue in its full context. It is worth noting and reflecting upon the possibility of child abuse scandal by clergy as being a classic example of social construction. This is not to belittle the seriousness of priests com mitting such lewd acts with children, but it is more a manner of asserting how the media portrayal of such events can impact the way it shapes the social response to it (Jenkins, 2001). The way that this issue in the US has been widely covered and reported by the media, it has undoubtedly generated a growing popular feeling of mistrust in the church. This might have been a trigger in the claim that the Catholic Church has been inefficient in its response to such abuses and allegations, as the increasing number of cases began to crop up all over America as well as the rest of the world. By 2004, the time of the Globes investigation of the Boston cases, it was reported that between 1950 and 2002, four thousand three hundred priests were alleged to have abused or molested almost eleven thousand children or adolescents (Paine Hansen, 2002). A study of child abuse committed by clergy which was conducted by the John Jay College for the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops in 2002 recorded these figures. However, this only reflects the numbers for those victims who actually reported their abuse and came forward to the Church authorities. Studies have shown that a great number of victims, especially males, never come forward to disclose their abuse to anyone and even more never report it to the authorities. It is also important to note that not all dioceses participated in this study and not all kept official and accurate records (John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 2002). In the matter of establishing whether the problem of child sexual abuse by clergy in the Catholic Church is just moral crisis as opposed to just moral panic, numbers alone do not suffice. It is often normally recognised for organisations and public entities to take defensive measures when dealing with such serious accusation against its employees or members. Most importantly the defense would most certainly be targeted against a blanket condemnation of the whole organisation. Sometimes, such corporations genuinely fail to recognise and acknowledge the fact that the destructive effects of such allegations have deeper roots than simply moral panic (Dokecki, 2004). Studies of other organisations entrusted with the care of children show that the prevalence of child sexual abuse is also of concern. In his study as reported in The Washington Times (1991), Patrick Boyle outlined that between 1971 and 1989 there were one thousand, one hundred and fifty seven reports of child sexual abuse out of a million volunteers (all adults) and four million member scouts; with the majority believed to be boys aged between eleven and seventeen. Case studies also seemed to indicate that in order to safeguard the image of the Boy Scout organisation, certain information was covered up in order to prevent the possibility of a crisis scandal. The police were not involved if the alleged abuser left the organisation. However, it was common practice for these offenders to move to other states and join new troops whilst those reported to the General Headquarters still managed to bypass the system and re-roll in new States (Boyle, 1994). Other studies of different organisa tions for youths and children also show sexual abuse incidents reported. These include institutions like the Big Brother Organisation, the YMCA as well as other athletic organisations and centres for child care-giving in day care institutions or families. In sporting organisations, the perpetrators were found to be involved in the majority of cases with a school; i.e., teachers or principals who appeared to have multiple victims, with one coach reported to have four hundred counts of sexual abuse. The majority of these cases occurred in the US, the UK and Ireland. In both the sports organisations and the Big Brother one, however, it seemed that legal action was taken against the perpetrators and screening processes put in place for all future volunteers (John Jay College, 2002). As seen from the community, the sexual abuse crises in the Catholic Church presented a larger moral shock than any other abuse scandal, predominantly because of the social status priests hold within the same community. The priest is believed to be not merely a man serving the pastoral functions for his church, but also a delegate of Christ on Earth. The priest is often held in a position of trust within society; where people look upon him as a source of comfort and advice. In Catholic communities the clergy are viewed as central and present in everyday life through their work within the parish and as reference points for the safeguarding of the souls (Cozzens, . However, priests do not only function in a society as preachers of the word of God. In most cases, they will take on the role of therapists, care-givers and educators. They do not only earn their loyalty from the altar, but mainly from being there for the sick, the troubled, the dying and the dead. It is understood, because o f such an intimate involvement in social and community life, that any case of sexual abuse by a member of the clergy will have relational and social implications as well as personal ones (Frawley-ODea, 2007). According to Lebacqz (1985), from an ethical perspective, priests are professionals and as such, a relationship of mutual trust needed. The clergy however go beyond our normal understanding of their sacramental office and thus in the relationship between priest and child, the typical power discrepancy is significantly amplified. This is so because the context of the relationship is the church and also the professional is a priest and the client a child (Dokecki, 2004). From their early years children are socialised to view the Church as a mother and a priest as a fatherly figure; hence also priests being called father.

With Reference to Collins A Terribly Strange Bed and Conan Doyles Essa

With Reference to Collins A Terribly Strange Bed and Conan Doyle's Speckled Band, Discuss How Both Authors Create Mystery and Tension. Although these short stories are fictional and were written in the mid 19th Century they are crime dramas containing stereotypical images of the villains of the time. These include social outcasts such as Dr Roylott and Monsieur Faulkner. Many writers use suspense in their stories in order to excite the reader more and to make them want to turn over to the next page. This is can be done by giving the reader some information, but not enough for him or he to be able to answer the mystery or riddle that they may be trying to solve. 'The Speckled Band' focuses on the Roylott family, of Stoke Moran in Surrey. The family includes twin sisters Julia and Helen Stoner, and their stepfather Dr Grimesby Roylott. The readers' first impression of Helen Stoner is that she is grieving over someone's death, due to her appearance. She is "dressed in black and heavily veiled". The reader is encouraged to feel sympathy for Helen Stoner and anxious to find out who has died and how, as she is clearly in mourning. The simile used to portray her fear and suggests she is weak and vulnerable, maybe even the next victim. "Restless frightened eyes, like those of some hunted animal", indicates to the reader how she is being "hunted" like some kind of prey. This assists in building the suspense, as the reader is unaware of the details of the death, it is still a mystery. Conan Doyle's use of nouns, when Helen is speaking, suggests how scared she is. "It is fear, Mr Holmes. It is terror", illustrates that either Helen Stoner is exaggerating the situation, or something terrible has happened to c... ...hen the story would be a complete failure because we would know he survives, yes there would be an adventure but it wouldn't grab the audiences attention and they wouldn't feel involved in the story. Therefore I think both authors go about creating mystery and ttension the best possible way because if they swapped round and Holmes was telling the story then the audience wouldn't want to get involved and the same with "a terribly Strange bed" Both authors create suspense in their own way that in my opinion are as effective as each other but I felt more eager to turn over the page in "The Speckled Band" Also the description of the setting is successful in creating the most suspense, as the use of darkness suggests something is going to happen. We don't find out a lot about the setting in "A Terribly Strange Bed" but it his little relevance to the story.

The Once and Future King Guenever Essay -- essays research papers

The Once and Future King Description of Guenever   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guenever is one whose personality and appearance fluctuates often during the course of her life. The facts that she fell in love with someone other than her husband and that she never bore a child contributes greatly to these abrupt and drastic changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The description of Guenever as a young wife is one with deep, clear blue eyes, which almost beheld a sort of fearlessness which was startling, as was her black hair. Although Gwen was quite fond of her husband, she found herself taken a fancy to the young knight, Lancelot. She admired his broken face and found herself falling in love. She loved both Lance and Arthur. She felt respect with gratitude, kindness, love and a sense of protection, but there was no romance felt in her relationship with the King.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gwen is said to have been clumsy when under pressure and lacking knowledge to ache or swell, selfishness indecently exposed, an inability to settle down, pert arguments on abstract subjects and a lack of exof the world. Like most 22 year olds, it was stated that Guenever had a chaos of the mind and body, a confusion and profusion of beliefs and hopes, the ability to be transported by the beauty of physical objects, a heart perience as to when truth should be suppressed in deference to the middle aged. On top of these, there were the broad and yet uncertain lines of her personal charact...

Murder and Angry Hamlet Essay

I would say, emotionally â€Å"Yes† but physically â€Å"No†. No matter what, revenge is wrong, as is murder. There is nothing wrong with having a grudge. The angry Hamlet decided to seek revenge for the murder of his father and accomplished this goal. In the play, revenge is killing his uncle, Claudius, who killed Hamlet’s father by pouring poison into his ear, while he was sleeping. I completely understand how Hamlet feels about what Claudius has done to his father. Hamlet has every right to be mad, but he does not have any right to kill Claudius. If my mother were killed by someone, I would resent the person who killed her and want to seek revenge, but I could not bring myself to kill the murderer. I know my mother would not wish me to kill someone, even though that person is a murderer, because she does not want me to be a murderer. I do not even remotely believe that she will show up as a ghost, either. In addition to how my mother feels about the action of killing someone, I could not personally be able to live with murdering someone on my conscience for the rest of my life. Hamlet’s father showed up and delivered a message by saying, â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. †(, v, 25) However, he did not specifically ask Hamlet to kill Claudius. No matter how hurt or angered Hamlet is, I do not think that Hamlet had to kill Claudius. Although I do not like the idea of revenge, I believe there was a different way to accomplish his revenge other than killing Claudius. Claudius was a murderer whom Hamlet had a grudge against. However, in reality, Hamlet does same thing what Claudius has done; murder someone. As Claudius is blamed, Hamlet should be blamed as well, as a murderer. Hamlet brought himself down to the same level as his uncle, the murderer of his father. Often times, it is the person who retaliates that is seen as the true culprit or the bad guy. I believe that revenge will only generate more revenge. According to the presentation of Brigitte, the movie â€Å"Mean Girls† describes the concept of revenge. Cady seeks revenge of Regina, who betrayed her. Cady accomplishes her revenge, but as she becomes more involved in the revenge game, she accomplishes her personal goals, while risking her friends along the way. In the end, the two girls will not get along together. I believe that there are two reasons why they cannot be good friends. Firstly, they are both immature. Secondly, the revenge of Cady generates the madness inside of Regina to an even more intense level, so that she cannot ever forgive Cady for what she has done. What is the purpose of revenge? Letting the person know that he/she is wrong? I can accomplish more by sitting and talking to the person who has offended or hurt me. After the death of Hamlet’s father, Hamlet takes it upon himself to seek revenge. Becoming aware of his plans for revenge, Claudius sends Hamlet to England in an attempt to have him killed, saying that he will not be able to relax until Hamlet is gone, forever. â€Å"Do it, England,/ For like the hectic in my blood he rages,/ And thou must cure me. Till I know ‘tis done, / Howe’er my haps, my joys were ne’er begun (IV. iii, lines 61-64). † The initial murder of Hamlet’s father creates a cycle of revenge and murder, that won’t stop until people are injured or killed. Because Claudius was fearful of Hamlet knowing the truth about his father’s murder, he attempted to have Hamlet killed. This in turn, led to angering Hamlet even more, eventually causing Claudius’s death. I believe that revenge in itself is wrong. Revenge will not make things better. Forgiving is harder, but the feelings that come after forgiving someone are better than the feelings you may get after revenge. My mother always tells me, â€Å"Don’t do anything that you wouldn’t want others to do to you. †

Poverty in the World Essay

Many third world countries are faced by the challenges of poverty and unproductivity of land. The survival of the people who live in such nations depends mostly on aid from developed countries. There is a fact about the developed countries that needs to be addressed before the aid is delivered to the poverty stricken nations. The developed countries have gained that title due to the fact that they are way too ahead in terms of technology and industrialization. The returns they get from both domestic and foreign trade are redirected on further investment. Incase other nations faced by catastrophes; these returns are used to cover those in need of help. The intervention by these developed nations is a form of quick measures to calming situations down. Back at home, it is funny how the citizens from such nations struggle to make ends meet. Once foreign help is delivered to the nations that are faced by natural, human, or climatic catastrophes the people living in those countries assume that the aid comes from very rich countries. The truth of the matter of foreign aid is that once help is delivered from a certain country be it in form of money or food there are strings attached. If one country demands for help from another, there are possibilities that the national debt of that nation grows. On the other hand, if the help is in form of a donation through the international organizations it is likely that the help addressed the issue at hand and not the future. Going back to the issue of foreign aid and reduction of poverty; two crucial elements come to play. These include the issue being addressed and the type of aid being delivered. Foreign aid is mostly volunteered to suffering nations by developed nations. In other times, organizations and NGOs take responsibility to raise money that can be used to provide for the suffering lot. By assessing the nature of the issue that is being addressed, it can be told whether the form of aid aids in reducing poverty. Looking at the situation at the horn of Africa, the type of help that is being delivered to the starving communities in that region is food and medical supplies. Looking closely at the matter and others similar to that, it will be found out that foreign aid is not a form of borrowed capital but rather a last option. Foreign Aid cannot reduce poverty due to five reasons associated with the problems and the nature of help. First, foreign aid is delivered to rescue and not to prevent; second, it is given when the situation is almost escalating out of proportion; third, nations or parties that require foreign aid are marginalized and the living conditions don’t allow for any form of secondary benefit from the aid; fourth, starvation and disease outbreaks are mostly the problems requiring foreign aid to address the issue quickly; and finally, the nature of aid cannot be invested neither can it be used while other resources are redirected to other activities. The above reasons make foreign aid seem like some form of nutritional therapy’ whose importance is lengthening the period of survival as one witnesses the problems. The US and other nations have been donating relief food and vaccination to African nations and some Asian nations as well for a long time. However, it the aid is form of funds the situation changes from aid to assistance that requires repaying as times advances. Foreign aid d oes not come to the poor in form of basic needs but rather basic rescue. It would be otherwise if foreign aid was in form of compulsory jobs for the poor or mandatory quality education.

Role of Chemistry in Domestic Activities

Malnutrition has shown to be an important concern in women, children, and the elderly. Because of pregnancies and breastfeeding, women have additional nutrient requirements. [19]  Children can be at risk for malnutrition even before birth, as their nutrition levels are directly tied to the nutrition of their mothers. [20]Breastfeeding can reduce rates of malnutrition and mortality in children[4][11], and educational programs for mothers could have a large impact on these rates. 21]  The elderly have a large risk of malnutrition because of unique complications such as changes in appetite and energy level, and chewing and swallowing problems. [22]  Adequate elderly care is essential for preventing malnutrition, especially when the elderly cannot care for themselves. Malnutrition  is a broad term which refers to both  undernutrition  (subnutrition) andovernutrition. Individuals are malnourished, or suffer from undernutrition if their diet does not provide them with adequate calories and protein for maintenance and growth, or they cannot fully utilize the food they eat due to illness. People are also malnourished, or suffer from overnutrition if they consume too many calories. CausesCauses related to food.General causes.(A) Causes related to food:  A lot of causes related to food are responsible for malnutrition. 1. Lack of nutritious and Balanced Diet: Lack of nutritious and balanced diet is responsible to a great extent for malnutrition in children. In our country, because of poverty, there is a lack of essential elements like Proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc. in everyday meal. 2. Indigestive and Harmful diet: Intake of indigestive and harmful diet is one of the main causes of malnutrition. Children belonging to the rich families do have expensive food items but in general these food items are indigestive and harmful. Intake of such type of food items often leads to lack of hunger and hence sometimes the children fall prey to malnutrition. 3. Lack of Regulated Diet: Irregular intake of food is one of the main causes leading to malnutrition. The timings for breakfast, lunch and dinner must more or less be fixed. aking irregular meals causes indigestion and finally results in malnutrition. (B) General Causes 1. Dirty Environment: Dirty environment of home and school also causes malnutrition. In Indian cities the home and school environment becomes dirty due to lack of fresh and pure air, lack of sunlight, non-availability of playground, dirty lanes, which hampers right nutrition of children. 2. Lack of Sound Sleep and Rest: Lack of space and suffocated bedroom causes lack of sleep. Lack of sleep results in indigestion, which leads to malnutrition. Lack of proper and sufficient rest also leads to malnutrition. 3. Negligence of Children: Negligence of children at home and in school causes anxiety in children. This also results in malnutrition. 4. Bodily diseases: Many children being infected from the diseases are neither able to have balanced diet nor their bodily functions take place properly resulting in malnutrition. 5. Heavy work: The digestive process of children gets affected because of continuous hard work. Especially for the children of low income- groups, the heavy labour uncoupled with balanced diet take a toll on their physical and mental development. Nearly forty percent of total children in India suffer from malnutrition. 6. Lack of Exercise and Games: The lack of exercise and games also leads to malnutrition. Even if a child takes a balanced and nutritious diet, the lack of exercise and games results in slowing down of digestive process and consequently the food is not digested properly causing malnutrition. This also causes physical deficiencies. Prevention As a lack of essential nutrients is one of the main causes of malnutrition, the best way to prevent the condition is to eat a healthy, balanced diet. A  recommended diet would be a diet that contains foods from all the major food groups. The four main food groups are:fruit and vegetables – eat at least 5 a day of a variety;bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods – eat plenty;milk and dairy foods – eat some and choose lower fat varieties;meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein;foods and drinks high in fats and/or sugars.Conclusion â€Å"Malnutrition is an impediment to development, and its presence indicates that basic physiological needs have not been met. What is observed as malnutrition is not only the result of insufficient or inappropriate food, but also a consequence of other conditions, such as poor water supply and sanitation and a high prevalence of disease. Thus reversing the procedure is complex, because many issues need to be addressed more or less simultaneously. And every situation is different, so that there is no single solution for all. There can only be general guidance on directions to pursue. Experience from lessons learnt shows that considerable time is needed to redress a situation (ten years and more), and that a strong supportive political and policy environment remains crucial throughout the period. There is no â€Å"quick-fix† to this problem. Once achieved, however, the effect is likely to become permanent, offering a substantial return on investment. †Malnutrition continues to be a significant problem all over the world, especially among children. Poverty, natural disasters, political problems, and war all contribute to conditions — even epidemics — of malnutrition and starvation, and not just in developing countries. In some cases, malnutrition is very mild and causes no symptoms. However, sometimes it can be so severe that the damage done to the body is permanent, even though you survive. Symptoms The most common symptom of malnutrition is unplanned weight loss. If you lose 10% of your body weight in the course of three months and are not dieting, it could be a sign that you are malnourished. n adults, a useful method of assessing whether you are malnourished is to measure your  body mass index  (BMI). This is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres squared. For most adults a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24.9. Other symptoms include:weakening of the muscles, which then begin to waste away;feeling tired all the time and lacking energy;increased vulnerability to infection;delayed wound healing;dizziness;irritability;your nails become brittle your skin becomes dry and flaky;persistent  diarrhoea;depression;in women, periods become  irregular  or  stop altogether.Children Symptoms of malnutrition in children can include:failure to grow at the expected rate, both in terms of weight and height;changes in behaviour such as appearing unusually irritable, sluggish or anxious;changes in hair and skin colour;hair loss;swelling of the stomach and legs (this last symptom usually only occurs if a child is severely malnourished).

Problem Solving & Decision Making Techniques Essay

Over the past nine weeks of working in our home groups, we have entered and exited several problem solving and decision making processes. Although we have produced some good solutions, the overall process could be improved. In order to make our group more successful in implementing our chosen solutions we need to : improve on problem solving and decision making techniques, using discussion questions effectively with consideration of conflict management styles in the group. Applying these principles can help achieve true group consensus and increase the groups productivity. In accordance with the functional theory, five task requirements must be met in order to guarantee success. Our group needs improvement in 3 of 5 of the task requirements: discussing and creating criteria, identifying alternatives, and thoroughly evaluating alternative ( strengths and weaknesses) based on criteria. To refocus the group on improving our execution of the task requirements associated with functional theory, I hypothesize that PMOPS and PERT would be highly effective. PMOPS, acronym for procedural model of problem solving, is a flexible guideline that leads through phases of problem solving process. We must also improve our review process of procedures and proposed final decision. The use of systematic problem solving procedures, like PMOPS, keeps groups of point. This type of procedure makes sure group doesn’t miss any vital steps, which aids in producing effective solutions. As a group we need to create and rank our criteria, based on importance to group members. Clarifying what is important to individual group members fosters group satisfaction and provides insight to personal values. To the identify other alternatives, the use of critical thinking strategies can be effective for example: brainstorming and problem mapping. As we move through the decision making process and begin proposing solutions, a member should be listing all that are discussed. Often there are too many options to be thoroughly discussed due to time constraints. When encountered with the issue of time, narrowing the list of solutions becomes paramount. Some of the solutions may be similar, and therefore can be combined. If combining doesn’t eliminate enough options, we can take a vote on which are most favored. Voting, as a process of elimination, could assist members who are less verbal in stating their opinion (Nancy and  Albert). However, charting pros and cons can be a more effective and objective procees of elimination. All options need to be assessed for meeting out criteria. we seldom establish criteria at the start of a discussion, or follow through with any of the previously mentioned techniques. After selecting a solution we must implement it, preferably in my opinion, using PERT. † Pert helps do this by as king those responsible for implementation to makes a chart showing deadline dates for completion of various tasks and the names of individuals or groups responsible† (Adams, 2012). We can also improve our decision making process by effectively using discussion questions, to unearth true nature of problem/charge. Discussion questions allow the group to locate a solution, for problem, question, or issue, that focuses on what â€Å"should† be done. The use of vague or limiting question s could be stifling production of alternatives. † As an impact variable, the discussion question has a far-reaching effect on the systems throughput process and its subsequent output. We should try to avoid using either-or structure and including answers in questions. This is a manipulative ploy that is often used in our group, especially by me. Also using ambiguous or double-barreled vernacular can mislead or confuse the group. I am also a perpetrator of this, often used to persuade opposing members. Thoroughly discussing the problem also keeps group from becoming solution minded prematurely. My group often does this, jumping headfirst in deciding on a solution. We completely skip evaluating a generating alternatives. This can limit options that may be more beneficial for the group to perform better. PMOPS and other systematic procedures my correct this frequent group behavior. Putting to use the different conflict management styles in the group could possibly aid in our reducing the time used during our decision making process. If we better understand the styles in play we can become more cohesive and increase member involvement. Our group is seemingly fairly cohesive, but lack of member involvement (Albert and Nancy) possibly prove otherwise. Their lack of involvement, avoidance style, limits their input of opinions. So we cannot be absolutely sure where they stand and if they agree with decisions. Christina exhibits some avoidance, as it relates to conflict, and switches to collaborative style to eventually referee lengthy arguments. Mason usually takes on a competitive style, usually arguing adamantly and proposing supportive evidence for his  arguments. When this becomes fleeting, he turns to a more collaborative style to meet his needs. I was observed to be quite competitive until stalemate is reached, and the transition into an accommodating style is used to reach a consensus. I have assessed the problem solving and decision making processes my group most readily uses, as well as flaws in its execution. Our group could really benefit from the use of systematic problem solving procedures like, PMOPS and PERT. Coming to the realization that discussion questions are important, has influenced me to use them in discussion. They are necessary for clarifying the problem and coming up with the best possible solutions. With that being said; understanding and proper application of our conflict management styles will aid in all areas needing improvement. Bibliography Adams , K. , Galanes , G. (2012). Communicating in groups: Applications and skills New York: McGraw-Hill. Larson , C. E. , Lafasto , F. M. J. , (1989). TeamWork: What Must Go Right, What Can Go Wrong. Newbury Park: Sage.

August Wilsons Fences

In August, Wilson's fence focused on the life of a bitter African-American Troy Markson who had dealt with these cards in his life in the 1950s. During the play, Troy was raised by a father who did not love and insult, and when he tried to become a major league baseball player he was dismissed for the game. Troy was poor and even needed money and even even sentenced him to prison in prison, so he took the bank and eventually killed the person. Living in Troy is not easy. Auguste Wilson 's fence: page 8 explains the outline of August Wilson' s theater fence, with special consideration for the importance of Troy and the influence of this hero on the development of themes such as ethnic isolation and struggle It is. In this article we are also investigating how Wilson learned about the influence on Troy's family and the 1950 American American culture and history. Fences.wps August Wilson 's Fence # 2: This 7 - page paper is based on racial discrimination, African - American culture, and family life in the work Fences that was awarded the Wilson' s Pulitzer Prize in the 1950 's I will explore what it is drawn for. . This article outlines the entire script, but focuses primarily on the initial behavior. Five information sources are listed in the reference. Fences 2. wps Question about fence (select one): 1. The fence is part of a series of dramas that Wilson set at different times in August, with the aim of writing scripts to help Americans understand the struggle of African Americans. August Wilson founded a fence in 1957. An important physical symbol in the play is the fence Troy is building. When reading the screenplay, pay attention to many metaphor and iconic fence in the play. Write these two fences. In your writing, please consider the following. How to use a fence in the play? Are these enclosures a result of that period? As Bono said, are they accustomed to letting people leave or let people enter? (II.1) August Wilson 's Fence Fence, August Wilson is the s tory of the former Black League baseball hero, Troy Maxon. Troy is a bitter person, hatred towards the way things disappear, you can not see the world changes. Troy initially had an iron fist for his family, but as the story progressed, the family removed the physical and emotional connection it had. When comparing two different cultures and ethics, the difference is night and day. In the death of salesmen and fences these stories are stories of two middle-class families who faced problems in their own family during the same era (from the 1940's to the late 1950's) I am talking. From the marital relationship problem to the unsuccessful father-child relationship, both stories tell us how the family life of the city living in that age's environment is how the authors August Wilsons Fences In August, Wilson's fence focused on the life of a bitter African-American Troy Markson who had dealt with these cards in his life in the 1950s. During the play, Troy was raised by a father who did not love and insult, and when he tried to become a major league baseball player he was dismissed for the game. Troy was poor and even needed money and even even sentenced him to prison in prison, so he took the bank and eventually killed the person. Living in Troy is not easy. Auguste Wilson 's fence: page 8 explains the outline of August Wilson' s theater fence, with special consideration for the importance of Troy and the influence of this hero on the development of themes such as ethnic isolation and struggle It is. In this article we are also investigating how Wilson learned about the influence on Troy's family and the 1950 American American culture and history. Fences.wps August Wilson 's Fence # 2: This 7 - page paper is based on racial discrimination, African - American culture, and family life in the work Fences that was awarded the Wilson' s Pulitzer Prize in the 1950 's I will explore what it is drawn for. . This article outlines the entire script, but focuses primarily on the initial behavior. Five information sources are listed in the reference. Fences 2. wps Question about fence (select one): 1. The fence is part of a series of dramas that Wilson set at different times in August, with the aim of writing scripts to help Americans understand the struggle of African Americans. August Wilson founded a fence in 1957. An important physical symbol in the play is the fence Troy is building. When reading the screenplay, pay attention to many metaphor and iconic fence in the play. Write these two fences. In your writing, please consider the following. How to use a fence in the play? Are these enclosures a result of that period? As Bono said, are they accustomed to letting people leave or let people enter? (II.1) August Wilson 's Fence Fence, August Wilson is the s tory of the former Black League baseball hero, Troy Maxon. Troy is a bitter person, hatred towards the way things disappear, you can not see the world changes. Troy initially had an iron fist for his family, but as the story progressed, the family removed the physical and emotional connection it had. When comparing two different cultures and ethics, the difference is night and day. In the death of salesmen and fences these stories are stories of two middle-class families who faced problems in their own family during the same era (from the 1940's to the late 1950's) I am talking. From the marital relationship problem to the unsuccessful father-child relationship, both stories tell us how the family life of the city living in that age's environment is how the authors August Wilsons Fences In August, Wilson's fence focused on the life of a bitter African-American Troy Markson who had dealt with these cards in his life in the 1950s. During the play, Troy was raised by a father who did not love and insult, and when he tried to become a major league baseball player he was dismissed for the game. Troy was poor and even needed money and even even sentenced him to prison in prison, so he took the bank and eventually killed the person. Living in Troy is not easy. Auguste Wilson 's fence: page 8 explains the outline of August Wilson' s theater fence, with special consideration for the importance of Troy and the influence of this hero on the development of themes such as ethnic isolation and struggle It is. In this article we are also investigating how Wilson learned about the influence on Troy's family and the 1950 American American culture and history. Fences.wps August Wilson 's Fence # 2: This 7 - page paper is based on racial discrimination, African - American culture, and family life in the work Fences that was awarded the Wilson' s Pulitzer Prize in the 1950 's I will explore what it is drawn for. . This article outlines the entire script, but focuses primarily on the initial behavior. Five information sources are listed in the reference. Fences 2. wps Question about fence (select one): 1. The fence is part of a series of dramas that Wilson set at different times in August, with the aim of writing scripts to help Americans understand the struggle of African Americans. August Wilson founded a fence in 1957. An important physical symbol in the play is the fence Troy is building. When reading the screenplay, pay attention to many metaphor and iconic fence in the play. Write these two fences. In your writing, please consider the following. How to use a fence in the play? Are these enclosures a result of that period? As Bono said, are they accustomed to letting people leave or let people enter? (II.1) August Wilson 's Fence Fence, August Wilson is the s tory of the former Black League baseball hero, Troy Maxon. Troy is a bitter person, hatred towards the way things disappear, you can not see the world changes. Troy initially had an iron fist for his family, but as the story progressed, the family removed the physical and emotional connection it had. When comparing two different cultures and ethics, the difference is night and day. In the death of salesmen and fences these stories are stories of two middle-class families who faced problems in their own family during the same era (from the 1940's to the late 1950's) I am talking. From the marital relationship problem to the unsuccessful father-child relationship, both stories tell us how the family life of the city living in that age's environment is how the authors

1st student project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1st student project - Term Paper Example The geological reasons given to most earthquakes are the movment of tectonic plates, causing damage when two plates overlap, slide under or over or past one another. The puzzling aspect about the mid western quakes is that they do not come under the areas affect by fault lines or cracks. There is geological evidence that this area was shook by earthquakes during the period of A.D 490, A.D 900 and A.D 1450, after which there were quakes again in 1811 to 1812. The details imply a five hundred year pattern, under the theory that faults build up stress, causing these violent earthquakes as a let out. Another hypothesis that has been suggested as the reason behind the mid western quakes is the effect of ice glaciers from 20,000 years ago. Once the ice melted, lifting the load, the land began to rise but the mantle is not as flexible and takes longer to respond to the release of pressure. (findarticles.com). This is believed to have created unusual tension in the mid western continental Un ited States, causing the New Madrid quakes. Scientists have pinpointed a number of faults that have caused earthquakes over the midwestern region, shown in the map below. It is also believed by scientists after 9 years of observation, that the New Madrid fault line might be shutting down, as it has shown no activity in the observation span. As a consequence, the risk calculations have varied wildly, from a 10 percent chance of a disastrous earthquake in the next 50 years to a chance of just 1 percent or less. (Choi, 2009). The Lower Wabash Valley of southwestern Indiana and adjacent parts of Illinois is seismically active. (Hill, 2002). There have been reports of earthquakes in parts of southwestern Indiana, affecting different parts in the years 1968, 1987 and 2001. It has been noted that the Lower Wabash Valley is capable of causing disastrous earthquakes at any time.

Week 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 - Assignment Example such as there is no positive outcome of resolving the conflict, it is too trivial, disruption would prove to be very costly, etc mangers tend to use the avoiding style of conflict management (Schyns & Hansbrough, 2010). Hence, it is first important to understand why the manager is avoiding conflict before confronting them. With the exception of the above two cases, an employee must confront the manager if a conflict is being avoided. It is very important for an employee to trust and believe in his or her manager. It is only when an employee trusts the manger to act in the best interest of the employee that he or she can dedicate completely and work for the manager. In the absence, of this trust an employee will not only lose confidence but also be de-motivated. This will affect both the performance of the employee as well as the overall output of the team. This attitude of the manager to avoid conflicts can disrupt the dynamics of a group as employees do not feel recognised or rewarded with respect to the work they do in comparison with other employees. This can further escalate the conflicts in a group. Also, the feedback given by a conflict avoiding manager can be very diplomatic and does not serve the purpose of a feedback. Employees need to have a clear understanding of where they stand in the workplace and how they can improve. This cannot be accomplished with a diplomatic feedback. Therefore, it is important that an employee confronts a conflict avoiding

Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Synthesis - Essay Example It states that a capacitor is described as a device that is passive in nature and is used for the purpose of storing up energy for use in its own electric field. Any item which can be charged electrically and store energy, can be assumed to be a capacitor. The authors reiterate that the capacitor comprises of two plates, which are usually separate from each other by the use of a dielectric. The two plates are good conductors of electricity and that is why they are separated by an insulator. A capacitor is used in the situation where huge amounts of charge are to be distributed within a short time. The book notes that a capacitor’s charge level depends on the amount of voltage that is applied to the capacitor. If the capacitor is connected to a battery that has high voltage, then more amounts of charge will be supplied to the capacitor’s conductors, as compared to when the capacitor is connected to a battery of a low voltage level. Capacitance is usually a function that does not depend on the difference in potential value between the conductors of the capacitor as well as the charge that is present on the plates. Capacitance can be compared directly to the overlap area created by the two conductor plates of the capacitor. On the other hand, it is inversely comparative to the distance of separation between the plates. Connection of capacitors can be done either in series or parallel in a circuit. The authors say that in some cases, an integration of the two arrangements can be incorporated. The amount of time taken to charge a capacitor relies on the size of the capacitor as well as that of the resistor in the electric circuit. Capacitance is usually measured in units known as the Farad abbreviated as F. one Farad is equivalent to one Coulomb/Volt which is abbreviated as F=C/V. the book states that the stored up energy in the capacitor is usually measured in units known as joules, and it is equivalent to the work that has been

Online Dating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Online Dating - Essay Example Some people have found themselves involved in online dating, regardless of the seriousness of their involvement. Recent research has shown that more men are involved in online dating than women and various reasons have been found to be the cause. To begin with, men are naturally attracted to the physical appearance of the person who they are involved with. As a result, they may find themselves in a relationship without having thought of the consequences of their actions. This increases the possibility of someone being involved in multiple relationships without any serious inclination to the people involved (Barlow 2009, p. 61). To a woman including me, dating is perceived to be something that is very sensitive and doing it online is perceived to be a sign of desperation. I think that dating online is a show of how desperate someone is, and as a result, ladies keep off the online dating even if they are desperate in reality. This limits the number of women involved in online dating. As compared to other places such as a bar, I find it to be a more convenient way of finding a boyfriend so long as both parties share similar objectives and interests. On the other hand, research carried out by Cornell University has shown that most women believe that those who date online do that only for fun. I personally find online dating impossible and perceive it as a lie and do not believe that anyone can really find true love through the internet. Ladies have difficulty in trusting someone they have never met due to the distance and the fact that most of the information about the person is usually read on a profile. According to the research, it is perceived that meeting someone physically makes it much easier to create a bond and now the person than communicating through a text and email. It is also believed that most of the men met online are extraordinarily evil or immoral and thus may be

Business law assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business law - Assignment Example ties can consider various alternatives without arriving at the final agreement while litigation is contentious and costly and getting back to courts will require a change of circumstances of the case. Mediation is cheaper since the parties hire a neutral mediation expert as opposed to litigation which entails two opposing attorneys and numerous court proceedings. An indictable offence is an offence that can only be tried on an indictment after preliminary hearing to determine whether the accused has a prima facie case to answer. They are the most serious offences under the criminal code and carry serious punishments such as life in correctional centres. Some facts of indictable offences include the lack of limitation on when charges can be laid with exception of treason where the limitation for trial is three years. The trials are held in Provincial courts. The police can arrest a person without a warrant of arrest. The convicted persons can only apply for pardon after ten years since conviction. Examples of such offences in Canada include murder, treason, and aggravated sexual assault (Baudouin and Linden 45). Section s16 (2) of the Act outlines the official languages and provides equality of the two languages since New Brunswick is dominated by English speaking and French speaking citizens. In this case, the government institutions and legislative organs must use the two languages. Section 28 of the Act safeguards gender equality by outlining that both males and females are guaranteed equal rights and freedoms. The section is important since it prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender. c) The plaintiff claimed both general and special damages. General damages are not assessed directly and include non-monetary losses suffered from the injuries. In this case, general damages include depression, loss of future income due to injuries, pain, disfigurement and loss of lifestyle. The special damages are directly linked to the injuries and quantifiable in