Online Advertising Methods Applicable to E-commerce

Web based Advertising Methods Applicable to E-business Presentation We have distinguished the current web based promoting techniques pertinent to web based business. We have led an examination on the web by utilizing web crawlers to distinguish the most recent promoting strategies. We have talked about these web based promoting strategies. We have discovered 3 internet publicizing strategies. There are Banner and Popup promoting techniques, Content Provider publicizing strategies and Online Marketplace. We have likewise express the preferred position and drawback of web based promoting techniques, the meaning of internet publicizing strategies. Web based promoting is a publicizing strategy through online to share their item and data to open. This can be legitimate and unlawful as per the law. In any case, web based publicizing have a quick proficient and speed since individuals ordinary utilizing PC to look out what is the news. We have not many model and we give the definition, favorable position and detriment. We share flag promoting techniques, po pup publicizing strategy, Google advertisements promoting strategy and Facebook promoting strategy. This couple of strategies bring us much advantage and this causes us to have a simpler way of life. This likewise helps a great deal of business to make their item progressively famous. Flag Advertising Methods Flag promoting strategy is characterized as a web pennant or standard promotions are a type of publicizing on the World Wide Web, this type of web based publicizing needs of the advertisements implanted in Web pages, this is a site to draw in rush hour gridlock police to connection to the sponsor site. The benefit of Banner Advertising strategies is whether you are a built up organization or up and coming business substance, you will find that Internet pennant publicizing is the most ideal approach to advance your online organizations. Much the same as your magazine or paper advertisement to see the Internet flag promotions can offer you response, you need from your objective market. The advertisements found in square or rectangular box, which contains some content and pictures. Maybe the primary bit of leeway of standard promotions is that you will have the option to target showcase from your reaction is practically prompt. When youre in the paper commercial, perusers may be keen on your proposition, however their interest, they may not in every case straight. These individuals will overlook who the promotions for quite a while, you won't get any of their reactions. Be that as it may, Internet flag promoting is extraordinary, in light of the fact that the peruser will promptly mak e a move to peruse your advertisement in their interest. In to see your online promotion, watchers will tap on your pennant, and afterward it will take them to your website, you are selling your items and administrations. The Disadvantage of Banner Advertising is it will be anybody to see or read promoting installment ensure. This is hard to evaluate the impact of publicizing, or measures, despite the fact that can be introduced on your site; you can show the wellspring of site traffic, your locales programming devices. Conversation as a chief At the point when a participate utilize a pennant promoting techniques administrator must ensure that consideration of the title and subject include in the notice to cause searchers to understand the notice is adequate to look. Conversation as a customer The customer will be pulled in by the adornment or plan of the notice and the notice must incorporate the requirements and desire for shopper. The case of Banner Advertising Methods Popup Advertising Methods The meaning of Popup Advertising Methods is a type of internet promoting on the World Wide Web proposed to pull in web traffic or catch email addresses, it works when certain sites open another internet browser window to show notices, the spring up window containing a notice is typically produced by java content, yet can be created by other. The benefit of Popup Advertising Methods is hinder those program that are unlawful to watch and forestall the PC get hack. Guests can utilize the specific sites for nothing with conditions apply. These projects are extraordinarily productive most in the time and can expense publicists a decent arrangement of cash if the advertisement just isnt arriving at the expected objective. It can sidestep blocker framework can at present give the publicizing to your presentation, in any case. The impediment of Popup promoting strategies is anyway spring up advertisements can do, indeed, more online clients than to distinguish more damage than anything else may never resolve any relationship with the Company and are wellsprings of disturbance and bother. Such publicizing may likewise be answerable for the activities as a fit. Conversation as a chief It is aggravating when the popup publicizing show up, at some point even can't close the popup notice. Conversation as a purchaser The popup ad is extremely disturbing, when accomplishing work, something will popup and interfere. The case of Popup Advertising Methods Google advertisements promoting Methods The meaning of Google promotions Advertising Methods is promotion serving applications run by Google Inc, site proprietors can take a crack at this program empower content, picture, and video ad on their site. These promotions are directed by Google and create income on either a for each snap or per-impression premise. The upside of Google promotions Advertising Methods is it give basic and straightforward states, regardless of whether you own different site just one record is adequate. The Google promotion is anything but difficult to join and with it is extremely easy to glue code into your website page or blog, there is no compelling reason to play with various code for different subsidiary projects, and when you are utilizing Google Ad sense you dont need to invest energy discover publicists. The weakness of Google advertisements Advertising Method is on the off chance that somebody said: promotions by Google tab click you won't get free exposure, what to Google, the site as of now has such a large number of advertisements are dismissed. Moreover, Googles measurable information is straightforward, yet once in a while isn't sufficient, far away from the real world. By read phonetically, with Google Ads you cannot decide the payout paces of the commercials. Besides, sites and online journals that craving to show Google Ads may exclude other substance focused on and content put together promotions with respect to the pages showing Ad words advertisements. A lethal hindrance of Google Ads is that they dont state what amount is Google Ads accomplices will get, you can't make any estimation simply accepting an obscure portion of the income. Google Ads doesn't permit you to impart your states to other individual. Conversation of a chief It is helpful to do a notice on Google site and it will be seen by numerous individuals around the globe, other than that the companys item or administrations will be buy and ask by the shoppers. Conversation as a buyer An excessive number of notices had influenced the center when working, it ought to be improve. The case of Google Ads Advertising Methods is Facebook Ads Advertising Methods The meaning of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods Facebook advertisements are a developing number of individuals online business promoting and Facebook is really a genuine interest in paid publicizing stage. Pursue Facebook, the strong and the foundation of advertisement imaginative is what is coming up for you in a critical position of this article. The benefit of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods is arriving at your objective clients. Facebook is interfacing with in excess of 500 million potential clients and we can pick our crowd by area, age and interests. It is a test basic picture and content based advertisements and use what works. This can expand our relationship and fabricate a network around your business. It likewise can control our spending like set the day by day spending we are OK with, alter our every day financial plan at whenever. The impediment of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods is you should direct to know one another or search from our companion just can know this individuals or item. Somebody can square you to forestall see their profile without understanding. And furthermore that somebody will utilize hacking project to hack your record. The security framework isn't exceptionally solid. Conversation of a director At the point when organization utilize this commercial is an exceptionally perilous to organization and it will conceivable carry awful notoriety to organization, this is on the grounds that occasionally is unlawful activity to submit blackmail. Conversation as a purchaser It had become a propensity to online facebook, so the commercial at facebook will be seen by numerous individuals. The case of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods End The current online are publicizing strategies appropriate to web based business. We may direct an examination on the web by utilizing web crawlers or important references for instance books, paper, magazines, and so on this can assist with recognizing the most recent publicizing strategies. Web based publicizing is famous to open and simple to investigate for those know to how utilize PC, yet for those doesn't have a clue how to utilize PC, they cannot do look into and doesn't have a clue how to inquire about by utilizing PC. Web based promoting is continually utilizing by agent since they feel that this publicizing technique can give a major scope of news to the social and open. So when numerous and a significant number of individuals know their item. The organization will get well known for instance, Sony, Samsung, Nokia and so forth they done their generally excellent promoting in web based publicizing so that is the explanation they become famous. The upside of web based publiciz ing is very to utilize and have a decent effective. Be that as it may, it likewise have drawback when you attempt to discover something on the internet publicizing, it doesn't find the solution or it dismiss the thing you search. Taking everything into account, web based publicizing can give a major range promoting to open and well known and furthermore simple to use for open. This is an exceptionally decent techniques utilizing on the web for publicizing.

Dantes Inferno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dantes Inferno - Essay Example .. subordinator, and finishing with principle provisions that open with so... Rendered by a solitary interpreter, these likenesses integrate divergent styles experienced between analogies; systematized by a common language of relationship, they give us a dim solace similarly as Homer's tropes of similarity - Wine dull ocean, Rose fingered sunrise- - comfort us. On the off chance that we can securely expect that what we have achieved sounds superior to writing, can we additionally accept that we have ousted Dante's sense sufficiently minimal to legitimize the exertion everything boils down to no more and no not as much as that. It appears to be reasonable for finish up with an experiment. Here is the stunning comparison, a blend of Virgilian peaceful and ordinary Tuscan horticultural components that opens Inferno 24, first in John Sinclair's exposition, and afterward in our free stanza. The circumstance is this: Virgil has been bothered by the deriding of his insight by the shade of a Jovial Friar from Bologna, since he had been deceived by a fiend and nearly gotten Dante slaughtered in a trap: Dante's style changes with various speakers and settings, and the interpreter must alter his style to suit that assortment. Francesca's mode in recounting the affection that carried her to heck, is altogether different from the tone Ulysses utilizes in reviewing how he enlivened his men to tail him to unimaginable lengths. Bertran de Born, holding his head up like a light as he tells his wrongdoing, has a voice altogether different from Ugolino's demeanor of torment and awful rage. Language and state of mind move with the moving canvas. The likeness of the arms stockpile in Venice as the laborers caulk their unsound boats' with thick pitch' which acquaints the scene committed with the demons of barratry is diverse in language and state of mind from the hoarfrost' picture of a nation scene evoked to portray the hero's sentiments of help at seeing Virgil grin once more. Dante prevails with regards to remembering not just the fundamental development from visual to verbal levels yet the opposite development from the verbal surface to the image or vision that lies behind it. The acrostics are something among composing and picture. They have neither the separated verbalization of a rambling contention nor the delegate thickness of an image, nor are they as schematic as a graph, despite the fact that their numerological appropriation has diagrammatic components. They start up rather the locus of a challenge among expressions of the human experience. In favor of vision is the instantaneousness that places as an image in intelligent space the Dantean message of man's association with satisfaction - the central sin. Vision, not talk, is that toward which the intensity of the writer

Smart Grids Everything You Need to Know

Smart Grids Everything You Need to Know © Shutterstock.com | monicaodoThe introduction of smart grid technology has caused a fundamental re-engineering of the electricity services industry. This article takes a look at 1) what are smart grids why do we need them, 2) features and benefits, 3) chief technologies used, 4) security and other concerns, 4) a few of the top smart grid companies, and 5) some key research programs.WHAT ARE SMART GRIDS WHY DO WE NEED THEM?Smart grids are electricity networks founded on digital technology that is utilized to deliver electricity to consumers by means of two-way digital communication. The whole smart grid system is automated for monitoring electricity usage at all the locations. This system enables monitoring, control, and communication, and analysis within the supply chain to assist with curbing energy use and expenses, improving efficiency and maximizing reliability and transparency of the energy supply chain. Thus, the need for future electrical systems or smart grids can be trac ed to four drivers:Efficiency: This is about improving the efficiency of power generation and decreasing losses in consumption, transmission and distribution of electrical energy.Reliability: This means delivering quality electrical energy whenever required.Capacity: This means fulfilling the increasing worldwide demand for electrical energy.Sustainability: It has to do with ensuring the effective incorporation of renewable power generation.The smart grid was brought in with the objective of overcoming the shortcomings of traditional electrical grids by utilizing smart net meters. A lot of government institutions worldwide have been encouraging smart grid utilization for their latent ability to control and cope with global warming, energy independence scenarios, and emergency resilience. The smart networks are equally beneficial for retail stores, enterprises, hospitals, multinational corporations, and universities. FEATURES AND BENEFITSThe Smart Grid is associated with many feature s and benefits.Demand response support: This gives users an automated way to decrease their electricity bills by directing them on how to utilize low-priority electronic devices when prices are lower.Load handling: The total or sum of the power grid load is not steady, and it changes over time. In situations of heavy load, a smart grid system can counsel consumers to temporarily reduce energy consumption.Decentralization of power generation: A decentralized or distributed grid system enables the individual user to produce onsite power by utilizing any suitable method available to him / her.Quicker reinstatement of electricity following power disturbances, more efficient electricity transmission and increased incorporation of large-scale renewable energy systems are all benefits of Smart Grid.Reduced management and operations expenses for utilities and finally lower power expenses for consumers, decreased peak demand that would assist with reducing electricity rates, and better incor poration of customer-owned power generation systems are also some noted benefits.Smart Grid can spot power theft and equipment failures: Some “smart grid” networks have dual functions. This incorporates advanced metering infrastructure systems which, when combined with different software can be utilized to recognize power theft and by way of elimination, identify where equipment failures have occurred. These are in addition to their key functions of measuring the time-of-use of electricity and doing away with the requirement for human meter reading.Currently, an electricity disruption like a blackout, can result in a domino effect â€" a sequence of failures that can impact banking, traffic, security, and communications. This is a specific cause for concern in winter, when homeowners may be left without heat. A smarter grid would contribute resiliency to our electrical power system and ensure it is better prepared to tackle emergencies such as earthquakes, severe storms, terroris t attacks and huge solar flares. Owing to its two-way interactive ability, the smart grid would enable automatic rerouting whenever outages or equipment failures occur. This would help to lessen outages and limit the effects when they do occur.Should there be a power outage, smart grid technologies would identify and isolate the outages, restraining them before they take the shape of large-scale blackouts. The new technologies would also assist with ensuring that electricity recovery starts quickly and strategically following an emergency- routing electricity quickly. What’s more, the smart grid would take better advantage of customer-owned power generators to create power when it is not available from utilities. The combination of these “distributed energy resources” would help a community ensure operation of its police department, health center, phone system, grocery store and traffic lights during emergencies. CHIEF TECHNOLOGIES USEDIntegrated communicationThese technologie s enable smart electronic devices and users to interface as an integrated system. This incorporates two-way, fully integrated, high-speed technologies that would make power exchange and real-time information possible. This would help optimize asset utilization, system reliability and security. An open architecture would produce a plug-and-play environment that would enable grid components to listen, talk and interact. Some examples of individual technologies in this area are: WiFi, one cycle control controller, advanced on-load tap-charger and advanced protective relays.Advanced control methodsThis category incorporates technologies that can monitor power system components facilitating rapid diagnosis and reaction to any event. Three technology categories in this category are analytical tools (high-speed computers and software algorithms), distributed intelligent agents (control systems) and operational applications (such as SCADA, demand response, and substation automation). By way of artificial intelligence programming methods, the Fujian power grid in China developed a wide area protection system that is quickly able to precisely calculate a control strategy and implement it. The Voltage Stability Monitoring Control (VSMC) software utilizes a sensitivity-based successive linear programming technique to find out reliably the optimal control solution.Advanced componentsThese technologies play an active role in finding out the grid’s behavior. The foundation for these technologies is RD in these areas: superconductivity, power electronics, chemistry, materials, and microelectronics. The next generation of devices would put the latest research in superconductivity, materials, microelectronics, power electronics, and energy storage into practice. This would create enhanced real-time diagnostics, more reliability, and higher power densities. Technologies in this category include:cables, transformers, advanced or smart switchesmicro grids â€" these are local el ectricity grids that can function independently of the main electricity grid whenever necessary“smart,” grid-friendly appliances such as air conditioners, clothes dryers, and washers, and hot water heaters that have the capacity to hold up operations in response to price signalsSensing and measuringThese technologies will improve power system measurements and identify and react to problems. They assess the health of equipment and grid integrity and support advanced protective relaying. They prevent energy theft and do away with meter estimations. They facilitate consumer selection and demand response and assist with alleviating congestion. Technologies that fall into this category include wide-area monitoring systems, advanced microprocessor meters (smart meter), advanced cables and switches, electromagnetic signature analysis/measurement, dynamic line rating, time-of-use and real-time pricing tools, digital protective relays and backscatter radio technology.Enhanced interfaces and decision supportThere are many situations where the time operators have to make decisions, has come down to seconds. As a result, the modern grid would call for seamless, real-time, wide utilization of tools and applications that allow grid operators and managers to quickly make decisions. Decision support with better interfaces will augment human decision making at all grid levels. Some examples of technologies in this category are: real-time digital simulators to evaluate and test electricity systems and software tools to examine the health of the electricity system.SECURITY AND OTHER CONCERNSWith the arrival of cybercrime, there are also worries about the security of the infrastructure, chiefly that entailing communications technology. The concerns mainly revolve around the communications technology at the center of the smart grid. Meant to enable real-time contact between meters and utilities in businesses and customers’ homes, there is a danger that these capabilities cou ld be taken advantage of for criminal or even terrorist applications. One of the connectivity’s key abilities is that of remotely turning off power supplies, allowing utilities to easily and quickly modify or cease supplies to customers who default on payment. This is unquestionably a great benefit for energy providers but at the same time is cause for some security concerns. Cybercriminals have on numerous occasions before, successfully gained access to the U.S. electric grid. Apart from computer infiltration, another worry is that computer malware such as Stuxnet, which targeted SCADA systems extensively utilized in the industry could be leveraged to attack a smart grid network.Theft of electricity is a cause of worry in the U.S. where the smart meters employed utilize the RF technology of Fastrak responders to interact with the electricity transmission network. People knowledgeable in electronics can create interference devices that make the smart meter report less than the rea l usage. In the same way, the same technology may be utilized to make it seem that the energy the consumer is utilizing is being utilized by another customer, therefore resulting in an increased bill amount.Other points of concern and/or opposition include:Worry that complex rate systems (such as variable rates) do away with accountability and clarity, enabling the supplier to take advantage of the customerConcerns over providing the government mechanisms control over the use of all power utilizing activitiesSocial concerns associated with Enron style misuse of information leverageSocial concerns associated with “fair” availability of electricitySome characteristics of smart grids have created opposition from industries that are hoping to or presently already deliver similar services. One example is competition with DSL and cable internet providers. Those who provide SCADA control systems for grids have purposely designed proprietary hardware, software, and protocols so that the y are not able to inter-operate with other systems so as to link its customers to the vendor.A FEW OF THE TOP SMART GRID COMPANIESABBThis is a $31 billion company that entered the smart grid party late. However, the company did make up for lost time with a number of key gains and strategic modifications to the ABB smart grid plan. The company’s smart grid ambitions are to offer the complete range of smart grid-associated software and gear. One aspect of ABB”s smart grid plan is to become a leader in blending operational technology (OT) with information technology (IT). The company made significant strides in that direction with the acquisition of Ventyx in 2010 and the acquisition of Mincom in 2011.The parent company delivers power and automation technologies to a wide base of industrial and utility customers. Its product lines cover distribution, transmission, industrial automation and turnkey substations. The company created more 50% of its sales in Europe and has had early tr iumph in China.ItronThe company provides wireless communications and smart meters, in addition to meter data management software. Itron’s smart grid portfolio also incorporates project management, outsourcing, and consulting. The company’s smart grid software and equipment are installed at hundreds of utilities in Europe and the U.S. Headquartered close to Spokane, WA, the company had profits of $2.26 billion in 2010.SiemensAlthough this company’s entry into the smart grid bandwagon came later than that of GE and ABB, Siemens has since revealed its smart grid goals to become a major force in the sector. One of the world’s biggest industrial engineering and electronics firms in the world, the company’s smart grid portfolio incorporates switches and protection gear, solar and wind power products, and substation automation. The company’s smart grid footprint runs the gamut from the production, distribution and transmission of electric power. In the U.S., the company’s hea dquarters is in Washington D.C.SOME KEY RESEARCH PROGRAMSIntelligridDeveloped by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), IntelliGrid architecture delivers methodology, recommendations and tools for technologies and standards for utility utilization in planning, specifying and acquiring IT-based systems such as distribution automation, demand response and advanced metering. The architecture also makes available a living laboratory for evaluating devices, technology, and systems. A number of utilities including Long island Power Authority, TXU Electric Delivery, Southern California Edison and Salt River Project have applied IntelliGrid architecture. The IntelliGrid Consortium is a PPP (public/private partnership) that incorporates and optimizes international research endeavors, labors to integrate technologies, funds technology RD and distributes technical information.GridWiseIt is a DOE OE program concentrating on creating information technology to revamp the U.S. electrical gr id. In collaboration with the GridWise Alliance, the plan invests in simulation and analysis tools, communications architecture and standards, test beds and demonstration projects, smart technologies, and new regulatory, market and institutional frameworks. The GridWise Alliance is a confederation of private and public electricity sector stakeholders, presenting a forum for cooperative efforts, idea exchanges and meetings with policy makers at state and federal levels.Grid 2030It is a joint vision statement for the U.S. electrical system created by equipment manufacturers, the electric utility industry, information technology providers, interest groups, national laboratories, universities and state and federal government agencies. It incorporates transmission, generation, storage, end-use and distribution. The National Electric Delivery Technologies Roadmap is the execution document for the Grid 2030 vision. The Roadmap sketches the main challenges and issues associated with moderni zing the grid and suggests paths of action that government and industry can adopt to develop America’s future electric delivery system.GridWise Architecture Council (GWAC)It was brought into being by the U.S. Department of Energy to promote and facilitate interoperability among the multiple entities that communicate with the nation’s electric power system. The GWAC members are a respected and balanced team representing the various constituencies of the electricity supply chain and users. The GWAC makes available tools and industry guidance to make clear the goal of interoperability across the electric system, recognize the architectures and concepts required to make interoperability possible, and come up with actionable steps to enable the interoperation of institutions, systems and devices that incorporate the nation’s electric system. The GWAC Interoperability Context Setting Framework, V 1.1 delineates essential principles and guidelines.Smart Grids can be considered to be the future of electricity and very welcome development no doubt.

Old Navy In The International Business Market Essay

The company we chose to do our project on is Old Navy. Old Navys mission is to be the Provider, Partner, and Employer of Choice. Their values, which were decided upon by 600 leaders of the Company, are: Service Excellence: Serving others Ââ€" our reason for existing. We continually seek to understand the needs of all those who depend on us (our patient, doctors, and our fellow teammates) and then to exceed all their expectations. Integrity: We say what we believe, and we do what we say. We are trusted because we are trustworthy. Our personal, team, and organizational values are aligned with everything that we say and everything that we do. Team: One for all and all for one. Working together to be the provider of choice.†¦show more content†¦For fiscal, 2007, Gap expects to open 230 store locations weighted toward Old Navy. In 2004, Gap had a supplier base of 1,000, with 3,000 factories in more the 50 countries (www.proquest.umi.com). Products are made in the Americas, Europe, Africa/Middle East, East Asia and Southeast Asia. Gap Inc. has garment factories around the world Ââ€" from Sri Lanka to Lesotho; from the United States to El Salvador (www.gapinc.com/public/social responsibility). The areas with the most factories are Greater China, with 247; India, with 297 and Southeast Asia, with 382 factories. The actual number of factories utilized is 1,340. Fabrics are subjected to fabric mill selection and regional testing (www.gapinc.com/public/social responsibility). For the Fall of 2007, Old Navy products were advertized on the four major TV networks plus the CW, during shows such as Ugly Betty; CSI and The Office. Spots were also run on Cable TV stations such as BET, MTV, Fox Family. In Canada, where Old Navy has stores in the Greater Toronta area and seven more in Quebec, advertizing in Canada is on national networks including CTV and local Canadian channels (ww.gapinc.com/public/documents). A recent press release introduces a new collection for the winter, Old Navy Womens Plus, available exclusively online. The online store provides an expanded selection of fashion apparel. The site also provides flat $5 shipping on all orders and free returns on anyShow MoreRelatedHistory And Background Of Old Navy2049 Words   |  9 PagesHistory and Background. Old Navy  is an American clothing and accessories retailer owned by another big clothing comapny, Gap. It has corporate operations in the Mission Bay neighbourhood of San Francisco. The largest of the Old Navy stores are its flagship stores, located in the  Mall of America(NYC), Seattle, Chicago, and San Francisco. Old Navy’s history goes right where The Gap, Inc. was founded by Donald.G in 1969. Fisher, who founded his own clothing store out of frustration, when he couldn’tRead MoreGap Analysis : Gap Inc.2629 Words   |  11 Pagesretail. aside from attire the corporate offers a good array of each accessories, and private care merchandise for men, girls and kids of all ages beneath the names Gap, country, Old Navy, Piperlime, Athleta, and mingle brands. The Company’s brands ar distributed through multiple channels and geographies within the international retail marketplace. the corporate operates within the specialty, outlet, online, and franchise channels. Gap Inc. has Company-operated stores within the us, Canada, the uk, FranceRead MoreThe Competitive Forces Confronting Under Armour Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesoutsider to knock on the door and ask for an opportunity just as they did. For example, Old Navy is now selling athletic apparel for all ages in order to gai n more ground in the athletic apparel business. 2. Does Under Armour have any core competencies and, if so, what are they? One way to appraise the degree of a company’s strength’s has to do with the company’s skill level in performing key pieces of its business (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble Strickland, 2014, p. 90). Under Armour has successfullyRead MoreTalent Management At Modern Business Environment Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesTalent management is a complex issue in many organizations where the management usually grapples with during the 21st century. Effective businesses manage and embrace its talent pool in the growing business complexity. Particularly, effective talent management in the modern business environment should boost knowledge development along with sharing knowledge, and acknowledging that all its employees should be able to swiftly react to challenges and change. Leaders must in the forefront in nurturingRead MoreGap, Inc. Portfolio Analysis5707 Words   |  23 Pagescompany boasts approximately 150,000 employees and 3,139 stores all around the world. Gap, Inc. su stains a large number of brands, namely Gap, Old Navy, Banana Republic, Forth Towne, Piperlime, and others. These different companies are bought by the parent company in different times. Started as a general jeans retiling store, Gap, Inc. today has a market value of $13.32 billions. Throughout its history, Gap, Inc. has established itself as a leader in the industry. History: In July 1969Read MoreGap Inc Financial Statement Analysis LR1493 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Financial Statement Analysis for Gap Inc. Company Background Gap Inc. is a leading global apparel retail company offering apparel, accessories, and personal care products for men, women, and children under the Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Piperlime, Athleta, and Intermix brands. Having distinct brands across multiple channels and countries allows Gap Inc. a strong competitive advantage. The company currently has 375 stores in 41 countries. Products are also online through Company-owned websitesRead MoreClothing Industry and Competitive Strategies Essay2570 Words   |  11 Pagesstrategy to fight in the market. With Express, the firm tries to differentiate its products by creating unique, formal, luxury and sexy image in their minds. Gap, on the other hand, try to provide customers with high variety of products and prices. Guess tries to follow the fashion trend investment to attract its customers. Whatever the strategies are, the most important thing is archive huge market share and generating profit. This paper will provide some background, analyze the market condition, the strategiesRead MoreApplying Basic Free Market Concepts881 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective that was left out and it plays a pivotal role in this equation. With the recent calls in the United States to raise minimum wage to 15 dollars an hour, maybe it’s time to examine our role in creat ing an international wage gap. Let me further explain and apply basic free market concepts, we think that 80 dollars a month is an unlivable wage, and they are right in America it would be hard to eat on 80 a week let alone provide shelter for yourself. However, these issues are not in AmericaRead MoreChina s Economic Growth With Capacity And Influence941 Words   |  4 Pagesoriented economy to open market it is presented a transitions economy with more orderly, established, and accommodating that could have been imagined for all of us. It started from zero economy level and will grow may falter because existed same good reasons for which I agree. China is an example of the great economic growth with capacity and influence in all world because; it has massive global trade and investment ties, it has positive result of structural reforms with free market force and it has aRead MoreGap Inc Swot Analysis1524 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishing over 25 locations by 1973, selling privat e-labels and even an East Coast location. Growing over the following two decades, Gap evolved into a more upscale clothing company throughout the 1990’s. The company now runs five brands Banana Republic, Old Navy, Intermix, Athleta and their standard Gap. Being one of the largest specialty retailer in the country, Gap has over 135,000 employees and 3,727 stores around the world, about 2/3 in the US. https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/california

Soar Research Paper Theories Of Autism. Autism Is Known

SOAR Research Paper: Theories of Autism Autism is known as a profound neural development disorder marked by an inability to communicate and interact with others. In many families, there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities, further supporting the theory that the disorder has a genetic basis. (Autism and Neurodevelopment) While no one gene has been identified as causing autism, researchers are searching for irregular segments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited. Autism symptoms and their severity vary widely across these three core areas. (After the Diagnosis) Together, they may result in relatively mild challenges for someone on the high functioning end of the autism spectrum. While†¦show more content†¦Because it is now agreed on by researchers that children with Autism and PDD are born with the disorder or born with the potential to develop it, psychological factors have been completely ruled out, to the benefit of families tha t are dealing with an autistic child.Decades of research have shown that males are at far greater risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder than females. Autism was discovered back then when many doctors did studies and clinical trials on young patients. Eugen Bleuler coined the word autism in 1908 among severely withdrawn schizophrenic patients. In 1943 American child psychiatrist Leo Kanner studied 11 children. From the early 1900s, autism has referred to a range of neuropsychological conditions. The word autism comes from the Greek word autos, which means self. It describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction. In other words, he becomes an â€Å"isolated self.† Over time, psychiatrists have developed a systematic way of describing autism and related conditions. All of these conditions are placed within a group of conditions called Autism Spectrum Disorders. (Learn more about Treatment of Autism’s Core Symptoms and Treatment of Associated Medical Conditions) Depending on how severe symptoms are, they are classified under level 1, 2 or 3.Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (20 11) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management

Legt1710 Free Essays

LEGT1710: Business and the Law Assignment 1 Semester 1, 2013 Word Limit: 1000 words Due Week 4 – to be handed in to your tutor in your Week 4 tutorial class (ie: the week commencing Monday 25 March 2013) Part One (10 marks) Reflecting on the lectures about the doctrine of precedent and how judges can make laws in the Australian legal system, and using Latimer’s Australian Business Law (CCH, 2013), explain how judicial decisions can change the law and what is meant by â€Å"the common law†. Use case examples to illustrate your answer. (Suggest 700-800 words) Part Two (5 marks) Australia was originally governed from England. We will write a custom essay sample on Legt1710 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imagine that the British Government passed an Act which stated that: â€Å"All land in New South Wales shall be held on leasehold title from the Crown. † Would this be a valid Act if passed in: (1) 1795? (2) 1895? (3) 1995? (Suggest 200-300 words) Guidelines for Assignment 1: Your starting point will be to read the: †¢ †¢ week 1 and 2 lecture notes and tutorial materials. elevant chapters of Paul Latimer’s Australian Business Law32nd edn, 2013. Students may also want to consider referring to: †¢ other business law textbooks available through the UNSW Law Library; †¢ online materials available on the UNSW Library database (such as journal articles, cases, commentaries etc). Students are asked NOT TO BOTHER THE LAW LIBRARIANS unnecessarily. Students should reference their answers appropriately – see Course Outline at Appendix A, pp 6-9. (NOTE: a bibliography is NOT required for this Assignment. ) How to cite Legt1710, Essay examples

Making Work Better free essay sample

This was done by showing the different bubblers that the white people|leaves the audience in no doubt at all that racism is evil. This is most evident in the | |Use the film terms that you have been taught in |and the Negro people had to use. The white bubbler was a refrigerated one and the |establishing sequence. This sequence began with a medium shot focussing on two water fountains. | |class- this will be good for C3 –aesthetics |Negro bubbler was a broken non-refrigerated one. This represents the racism that |The signage of white and colored, with the white sign being higher than the coloured was subtle | |The selection of items should be based on the |is present in Mississippi straight away and symbolises that the whites are the |representation of the hierarchy within the South. There is quite an extended amount of time on this| |best information to prove your point. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Work Better or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You also |preferred race. This is followed on by a car of cops chasing the care of activists |shot, signifying its importance. The lighting shrouds the white drinker in darkness, again quite | |need to select evidence that will not impede the|and pulling them over. This results in the death of the three activists. This is |subtly positioning the audience to reject the values that privilege white people over Negro people. | |fluency of your writing. |authentic representation as the shooting of the three students actually happened. The fact that the light shines over the evidently substandard ‘colored’ fountain perhaps suggests | |Stick to formal register – police over cops for |The cops go on to joke about ‘killing’ a nigga’ and this represents the hatred and |that the director wants to ‘shine a light’ on the racism within Mississippi. When this is combined | |example – unless of course you are quoting |brutality that is shown towards the Negros. The attitude of the cops is juxtaposed|with the next sequence which shows the suspenseful chase scene shrouded in arkness from the | |dialogue |with the attitude of the activists by showing the cops in a bad light by using |perspective of the civil rights activists brutally murdered by Southerners, the perspective of the | |Try not to retell the story – I know it. |close ups and darkness when showing them whereas the activists have an innocence |director is blindingly obvious- racism is clearly evil. |Bold in your homework all C3 words as a way of |and a victimised representation to position the audience to sympathise for them, |Knowing the facts of what happened and then seeing it in a brutal recreation is gut wrenching in its| |giving yourself a quick visual check that you |and support the Negroes. The Ku Klux Klan is also a representation of racism in |ugliness. This evocative response is guaranteed when the naivete of the civil rights workers whom | |have covered all of them enough. |Mississippi. Symbolism and motifs are used to show where the Klan has been |the audience get to see are juxtaposed against the malevolent people chasing them (whom we don’t see| |Try to make sure your topic sentence and |present. These are by reoccurring music, burning cross, and white hoods. These |until the murder takes place). The close ups makes both the fear of the activists and the hatred of| |clincher sentence mirror each other without |things are authentic and support what actually happened in real life. Racism is |their pursuers very real to the audience. When the audience realises that it is the police not only| |directly repeating yourself. |represented effectively throughout the opening scenes in Mississippi Burning. |perpetrating the crime, but laughing about â€Å"killin’ a nigger’ (Parker, 1989) it is clear that | |Your perspective on the film should be very | |these racist values are abhorrent! These opening scenes establish the director’s perspective | |clear by the strong assertive judgement words | |clearly. Later in the film this is further represented by the excessive violence of the Ku Klux Klan| |used. Highlighted in yellow. | |(KKK). Commonly known motifs such as the white hoods and the burning cross make it clear this is a | |Adding in all of the important info means my | |film based upon a recognisable and authentically represented time in history which makes seeing the | |paragraph was too big, but you can see a natural| |visuals more powerful. These clever film and narrative techniques create a representation of racism| |break with sentences that can act as topic | |that one can’t help but despise. | |sentences and clincher sentences. DO NOT do | | | |monster paragraphs!! | | |

Free Essays on Bob Marley

Bob Marley â€Å"Bob walked on to the stage in what I would later recognize as his unmatched saunter. It was awesome to watch him immediately memorize the crowd with his presence. His guitar slung over his shoulder, his Rasta locks flowing in unrestricted freedom, he generated a raw power of personality that overwhelmed his worshipers. Sounding his opening refrain â€Å"Hail Jah Rastafari!† and without another word he immediately launched into his opening song, â€Å"Concrete Jungle,† which immediately brought the crowd to its feet.† Robert Nesta Marley, was born on February 6, 1945. He was born in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica. â€Å"Bob was the son of a white man, whom he never met. His mother Cedella also left him to be raised by his Granny Yaya and his grandfather, Omeriah.† With his grandparents he grew up in one of the poorest part of Jamaica named Trench town. I feel that this had a major impact on Bob’s life. In many of his songs he talks about Trench town. â€Å"Cold ground was my bed last night and rock was my pillow too.† As Bob grew older he spent less time at his home with his grandparents. Instead he was out with his friends Bunny Livingston and Peter Mackintosh. Together they did many things such as walk around town, go to the beach, play soccer and probably most importantly write music. Together the three were known as the Wailing Wailers. They soon had their first release, â€Å"Judge Not,† in 1963, but the single had no true success until 1964. After Writing their first single they began to experiment with their music, by slowing down the quick dance rhythms of Jamaican â€Å"ska† music and soon after scored hits with â€Å"Simmer Down† and â€Å"Love and Affection.† Despite its early success, the group broke up in 1966. Peter and Bunny both wanted to pursue solo careers. I think at the time this may have been a terrible thing for Bob, but in the long run this helped him tremendously. He now knew what kind of beats and r... Free Essays on Bob Marley Free Essays on Bob Marley Bob Marley â€Å"Bob walked on to the stage in what I would later recognize as his unmatched saunter. It was awesome to watch him immediately memorize the crowd with his presence. His guitar slung over his shoulder, his Rasta locks flowing in unrestricted freedom, he generated a raw power of personality that overwhelmed his worshipers. Sounding his opening refrain â€Å"Hail Jah Rastafari!† and without another word he immediately launched into his opening song, â€Å"Concrete Jungle,† which immediately brought the crowd to its feet.† Robert Nesta Marley, was born on February 6, 1945. He was born in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica. â€Å"Bob was the son of a white man, whom he never met. His mother Cedella also left him to be raised by his Granny Yaya and his grandfather, Omeriah.† With his grandparents he grew up in one of the poorest part of Jamaica named Trench town. I feel that this had a major impact on Bob’s life. In many of his songs he talks about Trench town. â€Å"Cold ground was my bed last night and rock was my pillow too.† As Bob grew older he spent less time at his home with his grandparents. Instead he was out with his friends Bunny Livingston and Peter Mackintosh. Together they did many things such as walk around town, go to the beach, play soccer and probably most importantly write music. Together the three were known as the Wailing Wailers. They soon had their first release, â€Å"Judge Not,† in 1963, but the single had no true success until 1964. After Writing their first single they began to experiment with their music, by slowing down the quick dance rhythms of Jamaican â€Å"ska† music and soon after scored hits with â€Å"Simmer Down† and â€Å"Love and Affection.† Despite its early success, the group broke up in 1966. Peter and Bunny both wanted to pursue solo careers. I think at the time this may have been a terrible thing for Bob, but in the long run this helped him tremendously. He now knew what kind of beats and r... Free Essays on Bob Marley They say the sun, shines for all but in some people world, it never shine at all. They say love is a stream, that will find its course some think life is a dream so they making matter worse. -from Crisis, by Bob Marley Martin Luther King was not speaking about Bob Marley when he said"We must use time creatively and forever realize that the time is always hope to do great things,"but those words do describe how Robert Nesta Marley spent his life time. Bob Marley's life and involvement with the Rastafarian movement spanned the course of thirty-six years and left an impact on the world that is still felt. Marley's music was a result of what he saw in his life, what he felt, and what he saw as the treatment of his people. On February 6, 1945, Bob Marley was born in the northern half of Jamaica just outside of a small town named St. Ann, in an area named Nine Miles. His father, Norval Marley, was a white Naval Officer. Marley's mother's name was Cedella Malcolm Marley. Although she did have her son in wedlock, she rarely saw her husband because his parents disapproved of the marriage. The towns people of St. Ann reportedly thought Bob Marley had psychic powers, which allowed him to read hands and tell the person's future. The last time Marley saw his father was when he brought young Bob to Kingston, supposedly to enroll him in school. Eighteen months later Cedella learned that her son was not in school and rather he was living with an elderly couple. She immediately returned her son to St. Ann. (The History of Bob Marley). Bob Marley's move to Kingston was a milestone in his life. Norval Marley told his wife Cedella that he was bringing their son to Kingston to educate him. Instead he brought Bob to an elderly couple's home and it was the last time that Bob would ever see his father. During Bob's eighteen months in Kingston he was introduced to music. This was an introduction that would have a profound effect on the rest of his life, t...

Dictionaries and Lexicons

Dictionaries and Lexicons Dictionaries and Lexicons Dictionaries and Lexicons By Maeve Maddox Both dictionaries and lexicons are collections of words. Both words derive from Latin and Greek words meaning to speak or to say. dictionary: A book dealing with the individual words of a language (or certain specified classes of them), so as to set forth their orthography, pronunciation, signification, and use, their synonyms, derivation, and history, or at least some of these facts lexicon: A word-book or dictionary; chiefly applied to a dictionary of Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic. The word dictionary entered English before lexicon. Thomas Elyot first used the word in the title of his Latin-English dictionary in 1538. Earlier English writers all the way back to Old English times compiled collections of words, but under different labels. Dictionaries are of two kinds. One kind pairs words in two languages. This was the first kind. The oldest known are Sumerian-Akkadian word lists on cuneiform tablets. In England, the Anglo-Saxon scholar Aelfric (c. 955-1012) compiled a Latin-English vocabulary grouped under topics such as plants and animals. The first English-English dictionary in alphabetical order was compiled in 1604 by Robert Cawdrey, an English school teacher. In 1755 Samuel Johnson completed A Dictionary of the English Language. His was the most extensive and reliable English dictionary until the achievement of the Oxford English Dictionary in the 19th century. Although originally applied to dictionaries of Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic, the word lexicon is now used in the sense of vocabulary proper to some sphere of activity or simply as an elegant variation on the word dictionary. Lexicon is the word of choice when it comes to collections of words related to supernatural matters, for example: The Harry Potter Lexicon, and The Twilight Lexicon. Words related to lexicon are lexicographer: A writer or compiler of a dictionary. lexical: pertaining to words lexeme:   A word-like grammatical form intermediate between morpheme and utterance, often identical with a word occurrence; a word in the most abstract sense, as a meaningful form without an assigned grammatical role; an item of vocabulary. lexis: the total word-stock of a language; diction or wording as opposed to other elements of verbal expression such as grammar. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing Lightâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

Teamwork and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Teamwork and Motivation - Essay Example There are the principles that if stressed upon properly would build activities to strengthen health care organization. First of all teams need to work on common grounds and interest which should only be mutual interest of patient and improve facilities for him. An important aspect of success of a good team is the provision and implementation of various team building activities. Keeping in mind the demands of a health care setting, one major activity that can help strengthen the teamwork and quality of care delivery is to organize meetings. Every health care team should meet on regular basis to discuss and manage the aim of that delegation that is to work for providing the highest levels of quality care to the patient. Moving on, considering the successful outcome of such meetings and gatherings, all the pros and cons should be considered. There need to be certain objectives that should be achieved at the end of session and the leadership should not only maintain a strong relationship among working individuals but also resolve all the conflicts in working environment. In a health care setting, time is crucial and so is efficiency because the aim is saving the life or quality of life of an individual. There is absolutely no place for negligence and for this matter all the aspects of a successful teamwork should be focused upon such meetings. Probably the most important of all plans would be a strong and effective communication and sharing of professional knowledge among different disciplines. This would not only enable others to understand the problem in a better way but would also brush up person skills of any professional (WHO Patient Safety Curriculum 2008). Only in this way can meetings of health care team members can bear fruit. Different techniques have been used to improve these skills and to develop better communication and interpersonal relationship among team members. Various techniques have been used and explained by Team STEPPS

Law and State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law and State - Essay Example As mention in the topic, it was historically possible to regard United Kingdom as a set of unitary institution controlled by the ministers. The United Kingdom is a unitary state where the central government controls most of the activities of the government substantially. This is what the historical government of the United Kingdom was considered to be in history. This however changed in the modern context with devolution of the United Kingdom states, where there was a creation of new regulatory authorities and provision of public services. With respect to the devolution, law played a greater role compared to politics in holding the state to account, compared to the previous central government where politics had a major role2. Role of Law in Devolution Due to the devolution, the structure of public services in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland is different in some respect. The law plays a significant role in this devolution, every particular region has both its own assembly and exe cutive, and a Secretary of State and administrative department based in the central government, both taking the role of the ministries of the central government in the region3. Even though the laws have greater roles in the devolved government compared the great role of politics which was dominant in the historical central government, the laws that apply in Northern Ireland and Scotland are particularly different from those in Wales and England. The parliament of Scotland has very much more influence in consequence compared to the Welsh parliament4. The Scottish government played the role of civil service for Scotland and has a social policy governing the state. The structure of administration of Northern Ireland is different significantly; the health board is responsible for personal social services with Northern Ireland Housing Executive managing the public housing5. In the modern context of the devolved government that was established after a simple majority referenda in Scotland and Wales in 1997 September. Because of the need for law to keep the state in check, the National Assembly for Wales, the Scottish Parliament and the Assembly for the Northern Ireland were developed by the law6. England was left un-established. This was added to the legislatures newly established in Scotland and Wales that devolved much spending to the shires and councils of the United Kingdom. The law was enforced in the states via the taxes locally collected and the grants for services provided such as fire service, the police, and the ambulance service under the authority of the elected local government7. Because of the major role played by the law in the devolved governments, the framework has frequently changed from the historical context where politics had a major role in the central government. Among the most important changes that took place with devolution include: the reformation of the Social Security Department of Work and Pensions, the transfer to the Inland Revenue of the income maintenance, the demolition of the Transport Department, the local government and the regional states8. The responsibilities of the key social policy were placed in the Deputy prime Minister’s office; these have been relocated to the Local Government and Communities majorly due to the role that the law plays over the politics in the devolved system9. Due to the role played by law in holding the state to account. The government departments dealing with the social policy were established in order to ensure the law presides over

Aristotles View of Slavery Essay -- Slave Slavery Aristotle Paper Ess

Born in the year of 384 B.C. Aristotle was seen as conventional for his time, for he regarded slavery as a natural course of nature and believed that certain people were born to be slaves due to the fact that their soul lacked the rational part that should rule in a human being; However in certain circumstances it is evident that Aristotle did not believe that all men who were slaves were meant to be slaves. In his book Politics, Aristotle begins with the Theory of The Household, and it is here that the majority of his views upon slavery are found. With the beginning of Chapter IV, Aristotle's idea of slavery is clearly defined. "The instruments of the household form its stock of property : they are animate and inanimate : the slave is an animate instrument, intended (like all the instruments of the household) for action, and not for productions." This distinction between action and production, is based upon the understanding that 'production' is a course in which a result is desired beyond the immediate act of doing. Where as, the simple act of completing a task is identified as 'action'. Aristotle, who believed that life was action and not production theorized that slaves were instruments of life and were therefore needed to form a complete household. In fact Aristotle went as far as to say that a slave was comparable to a tame animal, with their only divergence in the fact that a slave could apprehend reason. For he concluded that a slave and animals only use was to supply their owners with bodily help. At the end of the Theories of the Household, Aristotle explains how slaves are different from andy other types of people, in the sence that they are the only class who are born into their occupation and become property of their masters. In examining this relationship we find that he thought that while masters were the masters of the slaves, they still held a life other than that of being master; However, Aristotle believed that not only was the slave a slave to his master, but the slave had no other life or purpose than belonging. From this consideration we begin to understand Aristotle's views on the relationship between Master and Slave. At the beginning of Chapter V of the Theory of the Household, the distinct role of master and slave is defined. There is a principle of rule and subordin- ... ... Aristotle we find that he was a man of great curiosity, wisdom and ideas. Although his views on slavery seemed to hold true to the times, he had many variations on the conservative norms and beliefs. He had believed that slavery was a just system where both master and slave were beneficial from this relationship. And with this he thought that by nature, certain people were born to be slaves, yet with these beliefs we find many exceptions, where Aristotle allocates areas to describe those who by chance became slaves but in his opinion were born to be free. And in such incidence where men born free were not fit to be masters Aristotle explained how it would be easier for the master to obtain a steward who was more adept at giving instructions to run the household and leave the master of the house to more prudent issues. We can only guess as to what made Aristotle believe that by the human soul one could delineate whether or not a man was meant to be a slave or a freeman. And with his arguments we find that it was just as difficult for him to make that distinction as well. "Though it is not as easy to see the beauty of the soul as it is to see that of the body."

Emma Woodhouse and Mr. Woodhouse Analysis

Both Emma Woodhouse and her father have a good deal of sway over the lives and affairs of the other members of their community. In the first scene of the book, we learn that Mr. Woodhouse finds homes for maids in other households, while Emma does essentially the same for her acquaintances, in attempting to pair them off with husbands and wives. The narrator presents this overzealous concern for other people's well being as an entirely harmless characteristic, in Mr. Woodhouse at least. While his intrusions into the personal lives of even non-family relations and frequent effusions of worry are bothersome to readers and characters alike, Mr. Woodhouse never actually does anyone the slightest bit of real or lasting harm. Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† Even Mr. John Knightley cannot stay mad at him for very long. Emma, on the other hand, is capable of doing real personal damage, and her wilful intrusions into the lives of her acquaintance are presented as arrogant presumption – her character's major flaw: â€Å"The real evils of Emma's situation [are] the power of having rather too much of her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself. † (4) The key difference between her acts of presumption and those of her father is that she has a stronger will and mind than he. Her actions are therefore not only more harmful to others but also more conscious and deliberate. Though she may, like her father, be acting out of good intentions, she is fully aware of the ways in which she manipulates. Emma not only sees that she is molding Harriet's weaker mind, she understands how best to do it. If awareness makes her more responsible for her actions than the fumbling Mr. Woodhouse, it also increases the distance she has to fall when she acts irresponsibly. Because Emma's station is the highest in her social circle, her machinations go largely unchecked, but for the rebukes of Mr. Knightley. The standard of goodness in the book and its moral compass, Mr Knightley's criticism is the narrator's way of alerting us to Emma's faults. After all, social protocol forbids anyone else from attempting such criticism. The fact that Knightley practices great forbearance with Mr. Woodhouse but takes exception to most of Emma's doings highlights the differences in each charact er's culpability. In short, Mr. Woodhouse is excused because he cannot help his effrontery, while Emma is not because she can. The distinction is related to each character's flexibility: Mr. Woodhouse is the most stagnant character of the book, while Emma is the one most capable of growth. Given Mr. Woodhouse's profound fear of change, it seems pointless to try to mend his flaws at this late age. Emma however, possesses the mental and spiritual instruments, which, applied correctly, and could bring her to a near-perfect existence, elevating her actions and awareness to a par with her social status. The work of the novel, and of Mr. Knightley himself, is to instil in Emma the humility that she lacks and help her evolve so as to become worthy of him, not only socially but also morally. The book's final â€Å"happy union† (448) is a sign that Emma has achieved that end. Unlike Emma, whose vibrancy of person and strength of intellect substantiate her claims to social prowess, Mr. Woodhouse's power derives solely from his landed status. In Emma and Knightley's first conversation, we are told that Mr. Woodhouse understands â€Å"but in part;† (5) as a person and a character he is static, lacking in awareness, and defined wholly by his limitations. People defer to Mr. Woodhouse's fortune and subsequent social standing rather than his intellect or any belief in his being right. The hypochondriac worries that he imposes on others are rarely given any credence because Mr. Woodhouse is never perceived as capable of solid reasoning. In fact, common sense almost always stands in opposition to Mr. Woodhouse's concerns. The likelihood of anyone getting trapped at Randall's on Christmas Eve because of half an inch of snow is not particularly high, yet the party is broken up early all the same. Everyone is quick to do Mr. Woodhouse's bidding, no matter how silly the cause. Such power, to make people act entirely counter to their own sense of reason, could be dangerous if put into more potent hands. Luckily Mr. Woodhouse would never deliberately manipulate anyone; in fact, he is shown to be quite harmless. In expressing his personal displeasure at his daughter Isabella's going to a particular seaside resort, he actually twists the truth, â€Å"attributing many of his own feelings and expressions† (99) to Mr. Perry. However, the narrator is emphatic in noting that this is done â€Å"unconsciously. † And even when Mr. Woodhouse is conscious of trying to prevail upon others, he affects no real damage. He is constantly trying to get other people to take a basin of gruel with him, but Isabella is the only one who ends up complying. When Mrs. Bates and Mrs. Goddard come to keep Mr. Woodhouse Company during the Coles' party, his power as host is actually trumped by Emma's. Against his wishes, she sees to it that all of their guests are well fed, with as much cake as they desire. Emma, like her father, enjoys a social dominion of fortune and station but joins it with a real superiority of intellect. Situations like the gruel debate point up the inversion of the traditional family structure at Highbury, in which the daughter's authority exceeds the parent's. Emma takes care of her father, and the book's only other mother-figure, Miss Taylor, has become more like a friend than a parent, at least at the point where the story picks up: â€Å"The shadow of authority being now long passed away,† Emma does â€Å"just what she like[s], highly esteeming Miss Taylor's judgement, but directed chiefly by her own† (1). Beyond the smaller family unit, there is no one but Knightley to challenge Emma's reign. She is at the highest spot on the social ladder, as indicated by the name of her estate, Highbury. Her peers are all inferior, in status as well as quickness and depth. Harriet is entirely vapid; she can â€Å"sit, without any idea of anything in the world, for full ten minutes. † (163) And although Emma may mistake the direction of Elton's gallantry, she sees right through it: there is â€Å"a sort of parade in his speeches which was very apt to incline her to laugh. (46) Even in comparison to her sister, Emma has the â€Å"stronger hand. † (241) In truth, Emma is wholly worthy of most of the praise bestowed upon her throughout the book. The most obvious example would be her â€Å"ready wit,† (66) which Mr. Elton cites in his charade. The obvious problem with Emma's ready wit, though, and all her other powers, is that they are so often put to bad use. Where Mr. Woodhouse's social power is always proved to be harmless, Emma is the one with the potent hands that can at times wreak havoc. At the party at Box Hill, Emma â€Å"cannot resist† (342) making a derisive comment to Miss Bates, simply because it is too â€Å"clever† to be kept in. The sole extenuating circumstance here (though it is one based on Emma's arrogance) is that she may not have anticipated its full effect – â€Å"I dare say she did not understand me. † (346) But Emma's misuse of her own power of understanding is evident. The remark is both consciously derisive and deliberately aimed, and the evident pain it causes Miss Bates brings home the reality that Emma's understanding at that moment has become more limited than Miss Bates'. Moreover, the impact of the harm extends both beyond the present moment and beyond the single personal relationship, revealing that unlike her father, Emma has the power to do real lasting damage. Miss Bates tries to hide when Emma next comes to visit, and it will take a while to repair their rapport. The event also affects the larger public sphere. As Mr. Knightley notes in his later reprimand, Emma's comment was made in the presence of others, â€Å"many of who would be entirely guided by your treatment of her. (346) In this social order, people who esteem the judgment of those superior in station use it as a model for their own. Not only has Emma spoken cruelly to Miss Bates, she has set up a standard of treatment which others may choose to follow. People cater to Mr. Woodhouse because they respect him, but they use Emma as a model because they take her opinion very seriously. Where until now Emma has been seeing power in terms only of its perks, the ripple effect of even a singl e lapse of judgment highlights the responsibilities that go with social power. The moment is an important turning point in Emma's progress of self-transformation. Knightley's earlier reprimand, â€Å"Better to be without sense, than misapply it as you do! † (51) targets this larger responsibility that Emma has been both too young and too blind to see. (As an interesting side note, the movie version of Emma actually has Knightley and Emma shooting during this scene, and while Knightly delivers this comment his arrow hits a bull's-eye. ) The most striking example of Emma's misapplication of sense – along with her most deliberate act of manipulation – appears in her treatment of Harriet. Emma literally tries to create Harriet, forging explanations of her parentage and painting portraits in which she alters Harriet's body structure. The craftsmanship of this artistic aspect of her assumed role is highlighted by Knightley's recognition, â€Å"she really does you credit. † (53) As pointed out in lecture, Emma even plays the literal puppet-master, using a set of strings, her bootlaces, to direct the scene when she and Harriet run into Mr. Elton after visiting the poor family. Emma presses on with her schemes despite the many clues that contradict her understanding. Whenever circumstances displease her, she creates explanations in her head that run contrary to her own sense of reason, yet accepts them all the same. When Mr. Elton's behaviour does not fit that of a lover, Emma makes various excuses for him, laughing at his description of what she presumes to be Harriet's â€Å"ready wit† but attributing such an ill-judged compliment to the consequence of his being â€Å"very much in love. † (66) Even when Mr. Elton himself tries to clear up the confusion, in the scene in the carriage, Emma attempts to convince them both that he is hopelessly drunk. Perhaps Emma's most blatant self-deception is her heedlessness of class and birth differences between Mr. Elton and Harriet: â€Å"You and Mr. Elton are by situation called together; you belong to one another by every circumstance of your respective homes. † (68) This statement could not stand in starker contrast to the acute, even over-conscious sense of social standing, which Emma displays throughout the rest of the book. She revolts at the idea of a union between Jane Fairfax and Mr. Knightley, but wilfully ignores the same obstacles in her matchmaking of Harriet and Mr. Elton. Emma presumes to know what is best for other people, and in pursuit of her slated end goal will even act contrary to her (often accurate) perceptions of their feelings. When she writes Harriet's letter of refusal to Robert Martin, (an intrusion in itself,) Emma senses that â€Å"if the young man had come in her way at that moment, he would have been accepted after all† (50) – yet she seals and sends it all the same. The comment testifies not only to Emma's consciousness of Harriet's true feelings, but to her arrogance, in deferring to her own judgment of Harriet's best interests rather than to Harriet's. The fact that Harriet ends up happily, but in exactly the same place that she started, is the narrator's way of putting Emma in her place. As in the encounter with Miss Bates, the gap between Emma's self knowledge and the perspective we are given on her suggests the conclusion that the proper sphere for exercising human judgment is on one's personal shortcomings instead of on anyone else's. What is most ironic about Emma's many social blunders is that, apart from Mr. Knightley, she has the deepest social consciousness of anyone in the book. Emma has a truly devoted sense of responsibility to her father, cares deeply for her family and friends, and is constantly smoothing over various social rifts that only she can foresee and repair, like those between her father and John Knightley. Readers understand the great possibilities that come with Emma's characteristic awareness – we see the possibilities for a perfection which goes beyond the mere appearance of perfection introduced in the first line of the book – and it is this consciousness that makes Emma's blunders seem all the more blind and regrettable. The turning point of the book is when Emma's awareness begins to work to her advantage – when she starts to become more aware of herself. Emma's ability to reflect and feel powerfully is what fuels her self-transformation once she directs that power inwards to observe her own heart instead of outwards to mold other people and events. It takes only the right catalyst, namely Mr. Knightley, for Emma to become able to realize her own wrongdoing. She responds to his reprimands about her treatment of Miss Bates, not with the defensiveness of someone truly arrogant but with â€Å"anger against herself, mortification, and deep concern. (347) A similar moment of realization and self-chastisement comes at the first big climax of the book, when Emma learns of Harriet's love for Mr. Knightley and realizes her own: â€Å"with insufferable vanity had she believed herself in the secret of everybody's feelings; with unpardonable arrogance proposed to arrange everybody's destiny. † (3 83) Emma proves herself capable of the character revolution which her father is not when she gives up her own pretensions to judge the best interests of others. The fact that it is Knightley who sparks Emma' reformation of character might seem to give ultimate power to him rather than to Emma herself. After all, his intrusion into her personal life ends up being the most positive force of the book. But it is important to keep in mind that Knightley is only a catalyst, a stand-in for the author's criticism of Emma's flaws, while Emma shares something like the role of the author herself. Like the playwright or novelist, she learns through trial and error the limitations of power exercised in trying to create and dictate the course of other people's lives.

Beer Industry In Italy And Canada Comparison - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3788 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Beer is one of the most used beverages in the world next to coffee and tea. The beer industry therefore as we can imagine is one of the biggest industries in the world with many competitors inside of the industry. It is not surprising that many different kinds of beer and a variety of brands can be found in both Italy and Canadaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and both of the countries has a long history of development of brewery industry as well. In this articleà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’we are going to compare both of the countries marketsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’industry conditionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’cultural differencesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’political background and so forthà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’all those information will be taken into considerationà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and be processed to make the final decision on which county environment is more suitable and beneficial for us to invest into. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Beer Industry In Italy And Canada Comparison" essay for you Create order Some theories are going to be applied to analyse the cultural dimensions of both countriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’such as Hofstedes cultural dimensionsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and SWOT analysisà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Porters Five Forces Model. Methodology What method do you use to compile your factbook and why? The methods i use to compile my factbook is that i are going to apply some frameworks from respected authors that are most applicable to my chosen industry (beer industry) such as Hofstedeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’SWOT analysis and Porters five forces. What prime theory and approaches do you draw on and why? Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Hofstede measures the cultural dimensions differences in different countries. There are five dimensions in this frameworkà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’namely the Power Distance Index (PDI)à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the Individualism-Collectivismà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Masculinity-Femininity and Uncertainty Avoidance. Since Hofstede measures cultural dimensionsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’therefore it will be used in the cultural system page of the paper when the cultural aspects are discussed. SWOT Analysis SWOT is the abbreviation for Strengthsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Weaknessesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Opportunities and Threats. It is an analytical framework to help summarize in a quick and concise way the risks and opportunities for a certain companyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’for my case the beer industry in two different countriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Canada and Italy. The SWOT analysis looks into internal factors within the company/industry/country (Strengths and Weaknesses) and external factors outside the company/industry/country (Opportunities and Threats). This method will eventually help us to look at the main positiveà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’(strength and opportunities)à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and the negativeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’(weaknesses and threats)à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’sides of both countries when comparing. Initially this should help us decide on which country would be most attractive to invest in the beer industry. For this reasonà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’this method will be used at the end of the paperà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which will give us an conclusive overview of the both countries. Porters Five Forces Model Porters five forces model argues that there are five forces in an industry to determine the extent and scale of the competition. These five forces affect the industries attractiveness. It is an efficient tool to analyse competition in the industry. In this modelà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’five forces are the threat of substitute products or servicesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the threat of the entry of new competitorsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the intensity of competitive rivalryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the bargaining power of customersà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and the bargaining power of suppliers. The industrys attractiveness is the primary and fundamental factor to deciding the profitabilityà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and in any industryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the rule of competition will be reflected in any of the five competitive forces. The purpose of Porters five forces is to show the attractiveness of the beer industry in both Canada and Italy and to help investors decide in which country to enter in the beer industryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’besides it could help companies to deve lop a particular strategy in the industryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and this theory might be used in chapter which deals with market / industry conditions. What method of data collection and analysis do you use and why? The methods i use to collect my data are searching my universitys library modules for useful academic articles and using a mix of articles from authors known through literature and the Theory Tutorials for my Comparative Country Studies course. Of courseà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the reliable information on Internet is also consulted as additional sourcesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and i have also analyzed the annual report of the company. The beer industry of Italy and Canada In this sectionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’relevant market conditions that apply to the Italian and Canadian beer sector will be explained. The market can be separated according to different factors like size and attractiveness as well. If we divide the market according the different market shares which individual brewery holdsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’we can see that there are several main player in the beer industry in both of the countries. Italy Italy is famous for its winesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’it is not well-known for its own beer. Generally speakingà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Italy doesnt consume nearly as much beer as its European neighbourà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’there is a growing trend of consumption for beer in Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the beer in Italy is not as widespread as in its European neighboursà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’mainly because there is a historical preference for wine in the country. Italian breweries have undergone a Renaissance in recent years. In factà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’only in the past few yearsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Italy has started having beer drinking and tasting competitions and many related festivals. Normallyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’this sort of activity is reserved for wineà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’nowadays beer is earning more and more respect from wine-preferred Italiansà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and even many young Italians prefer to support their countrys beer industry rather than the wine industry nowà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’stillà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the Italian beer industry has much space to grow and be developed. There are some brands of beer in Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’one of the oldest and most recognized breweries is Birra Peronià ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which was established in 1846 and the headquarter of Peroni is in Rome. Peronis most famous product is a pilsner-style beer. Nastro Azzuroà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which is also one of the few Italian beers that marketed all over the worldà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Nastro Azzuroà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’is a rather light style beerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’many breweries are crafting darkerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’heavier beers that are rousing interest from new and experienced beer drinkers alike. In addition to those giant breweriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’there are many microbreweries in Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and they play a important role and have a great portion of the market as well. A microbrewery particularly gains attention from young Italians is Birrificio Baladinà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the brewery appeals to young generation through quirky advertisements and sponsoring international music festivals and young Italians think theres room in the global beer market for some of their most outstanding brews. Canada Traditionallyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Canadas largest brewing companies were Labatts and Molson. In 1995à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Labatts was purchased by an Belgian company which is called Interbrew and it is now a part of Brazilian-Belgian Anheuser-Busch InBevà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the worlds largest brewing company and Molsonà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the other largest beer companyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which was merged with US company Coors in 2005 and created a new company called Molson Coorsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which is the worlds fifth largest brewing company now. In 2006à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’with the purchase of Sleeman Breweriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the largest remaining Canadian brewery was purchased by the Japanese owned Sapporo Breweryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Canadas beer production has been mainly under the control of foreign multinationals. By the end of 2006à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’nearly 90% of beer sales was of product brewed domestically under licence from non-domestic corporations. American beers brewed under licence dominate much of the market. For instanceà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Budweiser is brewed under licence in Canada by Labatts and Coors Light by Molson. The market in Canada for domestic beer is dominated by Labattà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Molson and Sleemanà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’all foreign-owned companies. The largest Canadian-owned brewerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Moosehead breweriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’only controls about 5.5% of the Canadian market. Country comparison Macro-economic indicators Economy Canada population 33,487,208 (July 2009 est.). Italy population 58,126,212 (July 2009 est.). Economic freedom Canada world rank 6. Economic freedom Italy world rank 87. Finance Financial freedom for Canada: 80.0. Financial freedom in Italy 60.0 Canada investment freedom 75.0. Italy investment freedom 75.0. Canada Economy -GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $ 1.335 trillion (2010 est.). Country comparison to the world: 15. $1.297 trillion (2009 est.) $1.33 trillion (2008 est.) -GDP Per capita (PPP) $39,600 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 $38,700 (2009 est.) $40,000 (2008 est.) -Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.6% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 0.3% (2009 est.) Italy Economy -GDP (PPP) $1.782 trillion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 11 $1.763 trillion (2009 est.) $1.857 trillion (2008 est.) -GDP per capita (PPP) $30,700 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 $30,300 (2009 est.) $31,900 (2008 est.) -Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 0.8% (2009 est.) Historical developments Italy Beer is known and drank in Italy very long time agoà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Italians brewed and consumed the blond drink. It said that Roman Emperor Agricola was a fan of beer when he was the governor of Britanniaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and in 83 AD Roman Emperor Agricola raised to the imperial throne and came back to Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’he took three master brewers with him from Glevum of which the ancient name Gloucester and opened the first real pub in Italy. Nowadays beer is especially loved by young people in Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which has been seen as an informal drinkà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’compared to the wine which is alway used in much more formal places. Aperitif and wine tasting have now gained back to wine many casual drinkersà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’until a few years agoà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’young Italians actually drank more beer than wine. Pub-styled bars are still very popular in Italy and they have spread the love for the more exotic brands of beer: many of them serve Japaneseà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Germanà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Australian and East European beers along with the more known ones brewed in the UK and Belgium. At least one bottle of Birra cinese (Chinese beer) is served on every table of every Chinese restaurant. Canada Beer was first introduced to Canada by European settlers in the seventeenth centuryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’as Canada had an ideal climate for making and storing beer before refrigeration was introduced. The first commercial brewery was built by Jean Talon in Quebec Cityà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’in the year 1668. Over a century later a number of commercial brewers thrivedà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’including some that became the staple of the Canadian industry: John Molson founded a brewery in Montreal in 1786à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Alexander Keith inHalifax in 1820à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Thomas Carling in London in 1840à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’John Kinder Labatt in 1847à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’also in Londonà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Susannah Oland in Halifax in 1867à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and Eugene OKeefe in Toronto in 1891. The very first patent to be issued by the Canadian government on July 6à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’1842à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’was to one G. Riley for an improved method of brewing aleà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’beerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’porterà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and other maltliquors. Prohibition in Canada did not last as long as in the U.S. and was largely over by the mid 1920s (apart from Prince Edward Islandà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’where it ran from 1901 to 1948). Neverthelessà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’it had a similar effect of leaving very few brewersà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and it was only in the late twentieth century that there has been a revival and microbreweries have started. Brewpubs are still illegal in some provinces. Cultural system Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions of Italy and Canada Power Distance Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty Avoidance Italy Higher More collective More masculine Strong Canada Lower More individualistic More feminine Weak Power distance Canada is lower on the Hofstedes power distance index than Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Italy falls in the middle on the index overall. Italian seems to expect differences in power between people. Canadas Power Distance (PDI) is relatively lowà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’with an index of 39à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’compared to a world average of 55. This is indicative of a greater equality between societal levelsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’including governmentà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’organizationsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and even within families. This orientation reinforces a cooperative interaction across power levels and creates a more stable cultural environment. Individualism The more collective nature of Italy compared to Canada can be seen in many ways. It is not uncommon for grown children to live with their parents for years. Italian businesses are primarily owned by individuals and families. Business is preferably done with people with which one is familiar. Unacquainted guests will not be invited into an Italian home. Coffee or dinner will be taken with non-family members at a cafe or restaurant. Canada has Individualism (IDV) as the highest ranking (80) Hofstede Dimensionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and is indicative of a society with a more individualistic attitude and relatively loose bonds with others. The populace is more self-reliant and looks out for themselves and their close family members. Masculinity Italy is a fairly masculine society and ranks slightly higher on this index than Canada. Many Italian men still treat women with gallantry and value machismo. Although women have entered the workforceà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’their numbers are still small and few are in upper echelon positions. Italian household are the sole domain of women; Italian women for the most part cookà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’clean and care for the children. Italians place a prime importance on material possessions. It is very important to look good in Italy. Howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’like a more feminine cultureà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Italians also know how to take time to appreciate the good things in life. Italians work in order to live rather than living to work. Ambition is not prevalent in Italian culture. Therefore i assume that beer as a informal beverageà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’it is more popular under this kind of cultural background rather than more formal cultural background countries. Uncertainty Avoidance Italy avoids uncertainly more strongly than Canada. By and large Italians prefer to do business with people they know. In additionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Italians prefer to know something about an individual before they speak with him/her on the phone. Thusà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’in business one should send an introductory fax and follow-up with a phone call. Political/Government System Beer or malt liquorà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’is defined as all fermented liquor brewed in whole or in part from malt for the purposes of the Excise Actà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’grain or any saccharine matter without any process of distillationà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’but does not include wine. Italian Alcohol Taxes and Duties Legislative Framework Alcohol Duty Beer (5% ABV or 12ËÅ ¡ Plato) 0.12 £ per pint Wine (bottle 11.5% ABV) 0.00 £ per 75 cl As we can see in the table of different rates of duty applies to beer in Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which contains following level of duty. Italy is a member of the European Unionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’therefore it shares the Common External Tariff regime. EU duties are charged by the Italian Customs Agency on the CIF (costà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’insurance and freight) value of the product imported into Italy. The Alcohol Act (2001) bans TV and radio advertising of alcoholic products between 4PM and 9PM and prohibits alcohol advertisements from being shown on TV within 15 minutes before or after any childrens programs. The Act also requires a self-regulatory code to be provided jointly by media companiesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’advertising agencies and advertisers to govern alcohol advertising. For the legal drinking ageà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’there is no minimum age of legal drinking. And the legal purchasing age of alcohol is 16 and 18. South Tyrol prohibits both serving and purchase for people under the age of 18 and to everybody in a state of inebriation. Milan has enforced a ban on those under 16 purchasing alcohol. Heavy fines are given to proprieters and parents if a transaction is completed. Canadian Alcohol Taxes and Duties Legislative Framework Beer Duty Up to 1.2% alcohol $2.591/hectolitre 1.2% to 2.5% alcohol $13.990/hectolitre Over 2.5% alcohol $27.985/hectolitre As we can see in the table of different rates of duty applies to beerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which contains following level of duty: (1) more than 2.5% absolute ethyl alcohol by volume; (2) more than 1.2% but not more than 2.5% absolute ethyl alcohol by volume; and (3) less than 1.2% absolute ethyl alcohol by volumeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and for all beer containing more than 2.5% absolute ethyl alcohol by volumeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the rate of excise duty is currently $27.985 per hectolitre. Howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’excise duties are not imposed on beer provided it is brewed by a person for personal or family use or to be given away without charge and is not for sale commercially. Canadian government showed how highly they value beer production and its breweries by lowering the taxes exercised on beer production. This is a benefit to the industry. As one of the leaders of the whole economy of Canadaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the beer sector is likely to maintain these tax benefits and other benefits might be offered as well to the beer sector to develop the Canadian beer industry. In Canada, alcohol was taxed pursuant to the Excise Act previously. Howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’a new regime in Canada for the federal taxation of certain alcoholà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’including spirits and winesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’was introduced in the Excise Actà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’2001à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which was implemented effective July 1à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’2003. Excise duties on beer (and malt liquor) continue to be imposed under the Excise Act. Generallyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’different excise duty treatment applies to alcohol for non-beverage use. A licence is required authorizing certain alcohol operations under both the Excise Actà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’2001à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and the Excise Act. For beerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’a licence is only required under the Excise Act for the commercial operation as a breweryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’for exampleà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the place where beer is manufactured. All brewery licensees are required to post and maintain security with the Canadian government. The amount of security is set at a minimum of $5,000. Generallyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ beer is subject to an excise duty that is imposed and becomes payable during the production process. The legal drinking and purchasing age in Canada are both 19. Howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’In some areas such as Ontarioà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Saskatchewanà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’British Columbiaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Newfoundland and Labradorà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Nova Scotiaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Northwest Territoriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Yukonà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and Nunavutà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’underage drinking under parental supervision is permittedà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’with some restrictionsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’on ones own property in the provinces of New Brunswick andOntario and at home in the provinces of Prince Edward Islandà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’British Columbia and Saskatchewan. InBritish Columbiaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’only children of the supervising parentsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’not any other minors such as guestsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’are allowed underage drinking. Consumption of alcohol in another persons home is subject to other laws. Major players The brewing industry had become extremely concentrated in Canada by the 1970sà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’being dominated by just three major companiesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which are Molsonà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Labattà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and Carling-OKeefe. Canadas largest brewing companies were Labatts and Molson as we mentioned in the previous overview of industry condition of both countries. In 1995à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Labatts was purchased by an Belgian company which is called Interbrew which is now part of Brazilian-Belgian Anheuser-Busch InBevà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the worlds largest brewing company and Molsonà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the other largest beer companyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’which was merged with US company Coors in 2005 and created a new company called Molson Coorsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and it is the worlds fifth largest brewing company now. In 2006à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the largest remaining Canadian brewery was purchased by the Japanese owned Sapporo Breweryà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Canadas beer production has been mainly under the control of foreign multinationals. By the end of 2006à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’nearly 90% of beer sales was of product brewed domestically under licence from non-domestic corporations. American beers brewed under licence dominate much of the market. For instanceà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Budweiser is brewed under licence in Canada by Labatts and Coors Light by Molson. The market in Canada for domestic beer is dominated by Labattà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Molson and Sleemanà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’all foreign-owned companies. The largest Canadian-owned brewerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Moosehead breweriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’only controls small portion of the Canadian market. Italy hosts a few breweriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’with the largest owned by the best known Italian and foreign brands. Peronis brewery produces the best known Italian beer: la Peroni. Peroni also produces the premium beer Mastro Azzurro and the brands WÃÆ' ¼hrerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and lesser known Raffo. Heineken Italy brews its famous Heinekenà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’but has also acquired the brands Morettià ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Ichnusaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Birra Messina and Dreher. Carslberg owns a few brewerys in Northern and Central Italy. In Northern Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Forst brews its own branded beer as well as the famed Menabrea. In Friuli Venezia Giulia the latest brand of Italian beer Birra Castelloà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’has been active since 1997. Along with these big playersà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’there are lots of microbreweries small scale breweries that produce small quantities of beerà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’they also have premium quality. Major finding of comparison and recommendations Making a decision in which country to invest is not so easyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’because of all those different variances in both of the countiesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’some of the variances are strength for Canadaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’some of them are favorable for Italy. In the first placeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the tax rates between Canada and Italy differ. In Canada the rates are relatively lower than in Italy due to the fact that the tax level is relatively high in the European context. In addition to thisà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the Canadian government reduced taxes even more to benefit Canadian brewers. Secondlyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’when a look is taken at macroeconomic indicators like GDP per capita we see that Canada is a bit more favorable. Howeverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’since this differences are so smallà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’both of the countries that we have chosen are developed countriesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and GDP per capita which above certain level has a relatively weak influence on the consumption of beer. Thereforeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’this factor is not likely to have a significant influences on the desicion of investment in the countries. Thirdlyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the population above legal drinking age in the markets has been calculated starting from the age at which alcohol consumption is allowed. This would mean that we start counting the population starting from 18 years old in Italy (some area start from 16 years old) and 19 years old in Canada. We find that the relative amount of people able to purchase and consume alcohol in Italy is larger than in Canadaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’because the whole population is larger in Italy than in Canadaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and the population of legal drinking age are also higher in Italy than in Canadaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’thereforeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’the potential market in Italy are larger than in Canada. Lastlyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’when comparing markets according to its players and their market shares we find that Canada has a more concentrated market with high market share large players and many small players. Italy on the other hand has two old players with a high share and one smaller player while the rest of the market consists of really small players. It would therefore be an advantage to invest in the Italian market; trying to gain and increase a market share because of the fact that there are many foreign players already play very important roles in the Canadian marketà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Molson Coors Brewing company and Anheuser-Busch InBev have a market share of 42,70 and 42,20 percent respectively. Third place is hold by Moosehead Brewing company with a share of 5,90 percent. These three main players hold 90,8 percent of the market in total by volume. Taking all those facts into consideration, i would say that Italy would be the country that we are going to invest in. As we explained aboveà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’we analysed both countries SWOT, for Italy, the strength is market size, the weakness is relatively higher tax rate on alcohol, and the opportunities is that there are only two big old players and some extreme small playersà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’gaining or increasing a share is relatively easyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and the market of Italy are more potentialà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’because Italy still on the growing phase of beer industry. Moreoverà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’since the age allowed to drink in Italy starting from the age of 18 and in some areas are even lower to 16à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’and with more population in Italyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’therefore the market is bigger in Italy than in Canada. In additionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’nowadays the Italian government highly values the Italian beer industry due to the impact on its economy and therefore taxes are getting lower and lower. And the threat s of Italy is that new public policy may harm the beer industry, such as the advertising policy we mentioned before which bans the ads of alcohol in specific period of time on TV.